编者按：党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央统筹中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局，带领全党全国人民取得历史性成就。在党的二十大召开之际，CGTN《先声夺人》推出《全景解码中国之道》系列，十大主题，十年印记，通过十篇评论大稿，全面解读中国成功之道。此篇关注绿水青山续发展 ，深度剖析中国在环境治理方面取得的成就。
Editor's note: Over the past decade, China has made great accomplishments while navigating through a tumultuous global environment. As the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China approaches, CGTN First Voice has prepared a 10-part series titled "The China Path: A Panoramic Decoding" to take you through the landmarks and watershed events over the past 10 years and decode the secret of China's development. This is part three of the series, focusing on China's efforts in improving the environment.
2022年北京冬奥会期间，北京PM2.5平均浓度为24微克每立方米，特别是开幕式当天，北京市PM2.5日均浓度更是低至5微克每立方米。“北京蓝”成为冬奥会靓丽底色，得到国际国内一致好评。Beijing's PM2.5 concentration during the 2022 Winter Olympics was 24 µg/m3 on average. In particular, its average daily level dropped to a staggering low of 5 µg/m3 on the day of the opening ceremony. The "Beijing blue", a spectacular background to the Winter Games, was widely acclaimed both domestically and internationally. 绿色冬奥是美丽中国建设的一个缩影。多国政要学者高度赞誉中国生态文明建设取得举世瞩目的成就，认为中国绿色实践为各国建设人与自然和谐共生的美丽家园提供了范例。曾任联合国副秘书长、联合国环境规划署执行主任的埃里克·索尔海姆认为，中国绿色发展的进展“鼓舞人心”。Beijing's green Winter Games stood tall as a shining manifestation of the Beautiful China Initiative. Political leaders of many countries have praised the remarkable achievements with the nation's efforts in building an ecological civilization, seeing China's green development practices as a role model for other countries to forge a harmonious relationship with nature. Former Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN) and UN Environment Programme Executive Director Erik Solheim said the progress of China's green development has been so "inspiring". 但是10年前，中国生态环境保护的“成绩单”却令人不安。经济列车的高速飞奔和城镇的不断扩张给中国带来了沉重的环境代价：中国颗粒物的浓度已远超过了世卫组织建议水平；根据兰德公司的数据，2000年至2010年期间，每年由于空气污染导致的健康问题和劳动力损失达到中国GDP的6.5％。
Nonetheless, China's environmental situation was worrying just a decade ago. Back then, the country's soaring economy and urban expansion took a heavy toll on its environment-the concentration of particulate matters far exceeded the recommendation of the World Health Organization. According to statistics from RAND Corporation, during the period between 2000 and 2010, health issues and a loss of workforce caused by air pollution cost China 6.5 percent of its GDP each year.
What is behind China's green transition?生态文明建设是关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计。中共十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的中共中央以前所未有的力度抓生态文明建设，全党全国推动绿色发展的自觉性和主动性显著增强。Ecological civilization is pivotal to the sustainable development of the country. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the central government, under the leadership of Chinese President Xi Jinping, has taken measures to press ahead with the ecological civilization program, and supporting green development nationwide. 2013年，《大气污染防治行动计划》出台，中国成为全球第一个大规模开展PM2.5治理的发展中国家。2016年11月，中国发布的第十三个五年计划中概述了国家主要的环境保护目标，计划在2020年将煤炭产量减少1.4亿吨。2018年3月，“生态文明”理念被写入中国宪法，紧随其后的是中央政府层面的大刀阔斧的机构重组：新成立的生态环境部和自然资源部将统领中国环境治理和生态保护的职责。In 2013, by implementing the Action Plan on the Prevention of Air Pollution, China became the first developing country to curb PM2.5 pollution on a massive scale. The 13th Five-Year Plan released in November 2016 included China's major environmental protection goals to reduce coal production by 140 million tons by 2020. In March 2018, the "ecological civilization" concept was written into the national Constitution. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the Ministry of Natural Resources were established to take charge of China's environmental governance and ecological protection efforts.
党中央坚定的决心和大刀阔斧的改革使美丽中国建设迈出重大步伐，中国生态文明建设发生历史性、转折性、全局性变化，在实现世所罕见的经济快速发展奇迹和社会长期稳定奇迹的同时，取得了举世瞩目的绿色发展奇迹和生态奇迹，为全面建成小康社会增添了绿色底色和质量成色。The change is of historical significance. While maintaining miracles of long-term social stability and an economic growth that has rarely been seen in human history, China has achieved spectacular accomplishments with its green development, adding a green factor to lift the quality of the country's campaign to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects. 2021年，全国地级及以上城市细颗粒物（PM2.5）平均浓度比2015年下降34.8%，重污染天数减少53.6%；全国地表水Ⅰ—Ⅲ类断面比例上升至84.9%，劣Ⅴ类水体比例下降至1.2%。蓝天白云、清水绿岸正在成为中国的常态。The average concentration of PM2.5 in cities at the prefecture level and above decreased by 34.8 percent from 2015 to 2021. The number of days with heavy pollution was reduced by 53.6 percent in the same time frame. Additionally, blue skies and clear water are becoming the new normal for the country.中国是全球能耗强度降低最快的国家之一，初步核算，2012至2021年中国能耗强度累计下降26.2%。2021年，中国煤炭消费比重降低到56%，清洁能源占比上升到25.5%，光伏、风能装机容量、发电量，新能源汽车产销量均居世界首位。中国森林覆盖率和森林蓄积量连续30年保持“双增长”，在全球2000年到2017年新增绿化面积中，约1/4来自中国。塞罕坝林场和浙江“千村示范、万村整治”工程获联合国“地球卫士奖”。中国生态环境保护成就得到国际社会广泛认可，成为全球生态文明建设的重要参与者、贡献者、引领者。
The drop in China's energy intensity is among the fastest in the world, which is estimated to have fallen by 26.2 percent cumulatively between 2012 and 2021. In 2021, China's coal use plunged to around 56 percent of its total energy consumption, and the share of clean energy in its energy mix rose to 25.5 percent. The installed and generation capacities of wind and photovoltaic power in China ranked first globally in 2021, as well as its production and sales of new-energy vehicles. The country's forest coverage and forest reserves have both increased for the last 30 years. A quarter of the world's newly-built green spaces in the period between 2000 and 2017 were in China. The country's Saihanba Forest Farm and Green Rural Revival Program in Zhejiang Province both won the UN's Champions of the Earth Award.
中国在长期的生态文明建设艰辛探索中，总结形成坚持加强党对生态文明建设的全面领导、坚持以习近平生态文明思想为指引，坚持以人民为中心，坚持走生态优先、绿色发展之路，坚持持用最严格制度最严密法治保护生态环境，坚持山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理，坚持共谋全球生态文明之路等宝贵经验，成为推进生态文明建设、建设美丽中国的宝贵财富。For many years, China's development of an ecological civilization has been based on its adherence to the leadership of the Communist Party of China in ecological protection, the Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, the principles of putting people first, the path of green development, the strictest regulations and most sophisticated laws in environmental protection, the protection and systematic governance of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands as a whole, and the cooperation with other countries in building ecological civilization globally. All of this is valuable to China's ecological civilization endeavours and Beautiful China campaign.生态文明是人类文明发展的历史趋势。在开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的新征程上，中国将坚持以习近平生态文明思想为指引，坚持人与自然和谐共生，坚定不移推进绿色低碳转型发展，深入打好污染防治攻坚战，加快推进生态环境治理体系和治理能力现代化，以生态环境高水平保护推动高质量发展、创造高品质生活，协同推进人民富裕、国家强盛、中国美丽，让绿色成为美丽中国最鲜明、最厚重、最牢靠的底色。Ecological civilization is a historical trend of the development of human civilizations. Setting out on a new journey toward building a modern socialist country and realizing its Second Centenary Goal, China will remain committed to the harmonious co-existence between human and nature, promoting low-carbon green growth, tackling pollution, and accelerating the modernization of the environmental governance system and capabilities. Efforts will also be made to level up environmental protection in order to drive high-quality development, create quality life for the people, increase people's wealth, bolster national strength and make China ever more beautiful.
生态兴则文明兴，生态衰则文明衰。面对生态环境挑战，人类是一荣俱荣、一损俱损的命运共同体。在治理本国生态环境的同时，中国认真履行《生物多样性公约》及其议定书，通过建立“一带一路”绿色发展多边合作机制、深化生物多样性保护“南南合作”，为其他发展中国家加强环保能力建设和生物多样性保护提供支持和帮助。截至2020年年底，中国与60多个国家、国际及地区组织签署约150项生态环境保护合作文件，已签约或签署加入的与生态环境有关的国际公约、议定书等50多项，为绿色发展理念深入人心、全球生态文明之路行稳致远作出中国贡献。Human beings share a common future in the face of rising ecological and environmental challenges. While managing its own ecological environment, China implements the Convention on Biological Diversity and its protocols, providing support and assistance for other developing countries to reinforce their environmental and biodiversity protection capabilities through the multilateral cooperation mechanism under the Belt and Road Initiative and boosting South-South cooperation. By the end of 2020, China had signed about 150 cooperation documents for environmental protection with more than 60 countries and international and regional organizations, as well as signed or joined more than 50 international conventions and protocols related to the ecological environment. 地球是人类共同的、唯一的家园，建设美丽家园是人类的共同梦想。中国将秉持生态文明理念，坚持多边主义，努力推动构建公平合理、合作共赢的全球环境治理体系，推动共建地球生命共同体和清洁美丽世界，为全球环境治理提供中国智慧和中国方案。The Earth is the only place where all people call it home, and building a green home is a shared goal of nations. China will hold fast to the ecological civilization concept and multilateralism, strive to promote the development of a fair, reasonable and win-win global environmental governance system, join hands with other countries to build a shared future for all life on earth and a clean and beautiful world, and contribute China's wisdom and plan to global environmental governance. Contributed by Yu Hai, Deputy Director of the Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization.)