编者按：党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央统筹中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局，带领全党全国人民取得历史性成就。在党的二十大召开之际，CGTN《先声夺人》推出《全景解码中国之道》系列，十大主题，十年印记，通过十篇评论大稿，全面解读中国成功之道。此篇关注军事崛起强军梦 ，阐述中国强军对国家和世界的影响。
Editor’s note: Over the past decade, China has made great accomplishments while navigating through a tumultuous global environment. As the 20th Communist Party of China National Congress approaches, CGTN First Voice has prepared a 10-part series titled “The China Path: A Panoramic Decoding” to take you through the landmarks and watershed events over the past 10 years and decode the secret of China’s development. This is part eight of the series, focusing on the development of China’s military.
1949年开国大典上，武器装备是“万国造”，因为飞机太少，只好飞了两遍。1954年，毛泽东主席感慨地说：“现在我们能造什么？…一辆汽车、一架飞机、一辆坦克、一辆拖拉机都不能造。”2019年在庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年的盛大阅兵式上，从“陆上猛虎”到“海中蛟龙”，从联合防空“火力网”到战略打击“东风家族”……32个装备方队规模之大、类型之全均创中国历史之最。At the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the weapons showcased were mainly made by other countries. The fly-by was completed by the same group of aircraft flying twice because there were simply not enough military planes. “What are we capable of making now?” Mao Zedong asked in 1954, “a car, a plane, a tank, a tractor, we can make none of these.” In 2019, at the military parade commemorating the 70th anniversary of the PRC’s founding, Beijing displayed a remarkable array of weapons that operated on land, sea and in the air, including those that were capable of mounting joint air defense barrages and the Dongfeng series strategic missiles. A total of 32 armament formations joined the parade, making it the largest of its kind in the nation’s history, in terms not only of scale but also of the variety of weapons. 几十年来，中国军队从当时靠着一穷二白的家底勉强撑起一次典礼，成长为国防实力全面跃升的现代化军队。中国人民解放军不仅仅肩负了中国的国土安全，更是在全球化和大变局时代挑起了维护世界和平与地区稳定的历史重任和战略支撑。在当下动荡不断的国际体系里，成为世界上一切爱好和平国家期盼遏制战争、共享和平的定海神针。Over the course of a few decades, China’s armed forces have transformed from a backward military that could barely stage a decent parade to one that is modernized and has made significant strides in all aspects of national defense. The People's Liberation Army is not only charged with the responsibility to defend China’s homeland security but also plays a prominent role in safeguarding world peace in the age of globalization. For all the peace-loving countries, it is a reassuring force in the present-day turbulent global system. 强国必须强军、军强才能国安
A country needs powerful military to be strong and secure
国虽大，好战必亡。天下虽安，忘战必危。《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议》中指出：党中央强调，强国必须强军、军强才能国安，必须建设同我国国际地位相称、同国家安全和发展利益相适应的巩固国防和强大人民军队。因而在看待人民军队的建设问题时，我们必须先了解中国强军是为了什么，从这一角度出发才能公正看待中国强军的必要性。 Traditional Chinese wisdom holds that those who prefer to wage wars will perish, and those who forget wars will be in danger. China believes that a country needs a powerful military before it can truly be strong and secure and that China must build fortified national defense and a strong people’s military commensurate with its international standing and its security and development interests. To view the necessity of China’s military strengthening with a fair eye, one must understand its purpose.
2021年，十三届全国人大四次会议解放军和武警部队代表团新闻发言人吴谦曾对增加国防预算的用途做出解释：一是按照军队建设“十四五”规划布局，保障重大工程和重点项目启动实施；二是加速武器装备升级换代，推进武器装备现代化建设；三是加快推进军事训练转型，构建新型军事人才培养体系，改进和完善训练保障条件；四是与国家经济社会发展水平相适应，改善官兵生活福利待遇，服务军队基层建设。为了建设同我国国际地位相称、同国家安全和发展利益相适应的人民军队，中国军队的军费增长是一种“补偿式”增长。
In 2021, Wu Qian, spokesperson of the People's Liberation Army and People's Armed Police Force delegation to the 4th session of the 13th National People's Congress (NPC), said that China's increased defense budget would be used mainly in four aspects: first, to ensure the initiation and implementation of major projects and key programs regarding army building in accordance with the "14th Five-Year Plan"; second, to accelerate the upgrading and promote further modernization of military weapons and equipment; third, to speed up the transformation of military training, build a new type of military personnel training system, and improve related conditions and supporting services; and fourth, to align military spending with China’s social and economic development, boost the troops' welfare, and support primary-level military development. He noted that China’s defense budget rise was only “compensatory” as it aimed to build a people’s army that was compatible with China’s international standing and capable of safeguarding the country’s national security and development interests.2022年中国国防预算为1.45万亿元（约合2290亿美元），同比增长7.1%。许多西方媒体开始借机炒作中国的军费支出，却怯于做横向数据对比。自2016年以来，中国军费预算增长幅度维持在6.6%到8.1%之间，7年间平均增速大约为7.2%。2022年的数据也在这个区间之内。并且在全球新冠疫情大流行情况下，2020和2021年中国国防经费增长均在7％以下。China’s defense budget for 2022 is 1.45 trillion yuan (about $ 229 billion), which is a 7.1 percent year-on-year increase against 2021. Many western media outlets, while playing up China’s military spending, are shying away from comparing it with historical figures. Since 2016, China's military budget growth has remained in the range of 6.6 percent and 8.1 percent, recording a seven-year average of 7.2 percent, while the 2022 figure falls in line with it. Moreover, against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 and 2021 figures were both below 7 percent.中国作为当今世界第二大经济体，国防支出占 GDP 的比重一直较低。据瑞典斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所数据，2020年，中国军费占GDP的比例为1.7%。而沙特阿拉伯为8.4%、美国为3.7%、印度为2.9%、英国为2.2%。按照人均国防支出计算，差异更加显著。中国人口约为美国4倍，但中国军费开支总量仅约为美国的四分之一。然而西方刻意忽视这一现实、忽视以美国为代表的西方国家在不断提高军费在GDP中的占比。Although China is the world’s second largest economy, its military spending has stood at a relatively low level in terms of its share in GDP (gross domestic product). According to statistics from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, China's defense expenditure accounted for 1.7 percent of its GDP, while for Saudi Arabia, the United States, India and the United Kingdom, the percentages were 8.4 percent, 3.7 percent, 2.9 percent and 2.2 percent respectively. The difference is more salient in regards to per capita terms. China has a population, which is four times that of the U.S., but its overall military expenditure is only a quarter of its American counterpart. The West chooses to turn a blind eye to this and to the fact that Western countries led by the U.S. are pushing up the share of their military spending in GDP. 中国也一直通过裁军等实际行动向世界表明中国军队的强大是为了世界和平贡献力量。2015年，在中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年纪念大会上，习近平主席宣布中国将裁减军队员额30万，更加反映出了中国防御性的国防政策和始终维护世界和平和地区稳定的坚定信心。China has also made concrete moves, including military downsizing, to show the world that the strengthening of China’s armed forces serves the purpose of promoting world peace. The announcement made by President Xi Jinping at the commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War in 2015 to cut the number of its troops by 300,000 demonstrating the defensive nature of China’s national defense policy and the country’s resolve to protect world peace and regional stability. 中国越强大，世界越安全
More powerful China makes a safer world
2014年3月27日，习近平主席在法国巴黎出席中法建交50周年纪念大会上说，实现中国梦，给世界带来的是机遇不是威胁，是和平不是动荡，是进步不是倒退。On 27 March 2014, while attending the commemorative meeting for the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and France in Paris, President Xi said, “the pursuit of the Chinese dream will bring to the world opportunities rather than threats, peace rather than turmoil, and progress rather than backwardness”.2019年7月发布的《新时代的中国国防》中，清晰阐明了中国的社会主义国家性质，走和平发展道路的战略抉择，独立自主的和平外交政策，“和为贵”的中华文化传统，决定了中国始终不渝地奉行防御性国防政策；明确提出了坚决捍卫国家主权、安全、发展利益的新时代中国国防的根本目标，坚持永不称霸、永不扩张、永不谋求势力范围的新时代中国国防的鲜明特征。 The white paper titled China’s “National Defense in the New Era” released in July 2019 elucidates that “the socialist system of China, the strategic decision to follow the path of peaceful development, the independent foreign policy of peace, and the best of cultural traditions – considering peace and harmony as fundamentals – determine that China will pursue a national defense policy that is defensive in nature.” The document also states that “resolutely safeguarding China’s sovereignty, security and development interests” is “the fundamental goal of China’s national defense in the new era”, and that “never seeking hegemony, expansion or spheres of influence” is “the distinctive feature of China’s national defense in the new era”.今年7月14日，中国第二批赴阿卜耶伊维和直升机分队飞行4架次，将航空煤油和汽油运抵托达奇等任务点。阿卜耶伊是位于苏丹与南苏丹之间存在的争议地区之一，也是中国践行向联合国在非洲的维和行动部署首支直升机分队的承诺。自2013年以来，中国军队在原有工兵、医疗、运输分队基础上，先后向联合国在马里、南苏丹、苏丹等国的维和行动中派出警卫分队、步兵营、直升机分队。目前，中国军队有2200多名维和官兵在7个维和任务区以及联合国总部执行任务，并完成了8000人规模维和待命部队在联合国的注册，中国维和部队为维护世界和平贡献更多的中国力量和担当。不久前，由国防部维和事务中心举办的首届“共同愿景”维和国际论坛，与此前中国军队举办的“共同命运”国际维和实兵推演、“共同使命”维和特派团指挥所推演，组成了中国军队定期举办的“共同”系列维和行动的国际品牌，将对联合国维和事业发展发挥重要作用。On 14 July, 2022, the 2nd Chinese peacekeeping helicopter detachment to Abyei transported aviation kerosene and gasoline to designated locations in four sorties. Abyei, a disputed region between Sudan and South Sudan, is the destination where China delivered on its commitment of deploying its first helicopter detachment to UN peacekeeping operations in Africa. Since 2013, on top of its peacekeepers already serving on UN peacekeeping missions in engineer, medical and transport units, Beijing has dispatched guard contingents, infantry battalions and helicopter contingents to countries including Mali, South Sudan and Sudan. Meanwhile, China has more than 2,200 peacekeepers deployed on UN missions in seven mission areas and at the UN headquarters. The country has also completed its registration of a UN standby peacekeeping force comprising of 8,000 troops. The first “Shared Vision” International Peacekeeping Forum recently held by China, along with the previously held “Shared Destiny” practical force joint exercise on international peacekeeping and the “Shared Mission” joint command post exercise for UN peacekeeping missions, constitutes the "Shared" series, an international brand of peacekeeping-related events regularly held by the Chinese military. This will play a crucial role in UN peacekeeping efforts. 中国作为联合国维和行动的主要出资国，以及联合国安理会常任理事国中的第一大出兵国，进入新时代的中国向世界提供的公共安全产品越来越丰富，在支持联合国维和事业发展上更是言必信、行必果。近30多年来先后参加20多项联合国维和行动，在海上护航、人道救援、反恐演练、抗疫合作等任务中，知行合一，勇于担当，忠实践行了和平誓言，在积极履行同中国国际地位相称的责任和义务中，用一次次惠及世界的实际行动向世界证明，中国军队不仅是威武之师，更是和平之师、文明之师。China is a major financial contributor to the UN peacekeeping budget and the biggest provider of troops among permanent members of the UN Security Council for the UN peacekeeping force. While providing the world with a greater diversity of public security goods, Beijing has also delivered on all its commitments to UN peacekeeping. Over the past three decades, China has participated in more than 20 UN peacekeeping operations. In maritime escort missions, humanitarian relief operations, anti-terrorist exercises and anti-pandemic cooperation, Chinese troops have fulfilled their obligations commensurate with China’s global standing, repeatedly showing to the world that the Chinese army is a force of not only of power, but also of peace and civilization.中国军队的强大，是国际维护和平力量的增长。当今世界，和平与发展处于重要历史关口，世界进入新的动荡变革期。中国人民的梦想与世界人民的梦想息息相通。一个和平稳定统一繁荣的中国，是世界的机遇和福祉。展望未来，中国军队必将为维护世界和平贡献更多力量，承担更多捍卫世界和平的使命担当，为服务构建人类命运共同体、为全人类的美好未来提供更加有力的战略支撑。A more powerful Chinese military can make greater contributions to the preservation of world peace. In this day and age, peace and development stand at a critical historical juncture as the world heads into a new era of instabilities and transformations. The dream of the Chinese stands closely connected to the dreams of peoples across the globe. A peaceful, stable, unified and prosperous China presents opportunities and benefits for our world. Accordingly, Chinese troops will contribute significantly to world peace, shoulder more peacekeeping responsibilities and provide stronger support for building a community with a shared future for humanity.