第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三十二次会议近日决定对《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》进行修改。修改后的《民事诉讼法》将自今天（2022年1月1日）起施行。

修改决定共十六条，在现行民事诉讼法的基础上，进行了相当程度的实质性新增和修改。

此次修改主要包括：优化司法确认程序、完善小额诉讼程序、完善简易程序、扩大独任制适用范围、完善在线诉讼及送达规则等。

在本文中，秘塔将就其中几项重点修改予以举例说明：

新增网络在线诉讼

与线下诉讼活动具有同等法律效力

• 新增内容，作为第十六条：

“经当事人同意，民事诉讼活动可以通过信息网络平台在线进行。民事诉讼活动通过信息网络平台在线进行的，与线下诉讼活动具有同等法律效力。”

• 秘塔翻译 fanyi.metaso.cn：
  

"With the consent of the parties, civil proceedings may be conducted online through an information network platform. Civil proceedings conducted online through an information network platform shall have the same legal effect as offline proceedings."

扩大独任制的适用范围

大幅提升审判效率

（1）基层法院可适用普通程序独任制：

• ‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍将第三十九条改为第四十条，

  第二款修改为：‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍

“适用简易程序审理的民事案件，由审判员一人独任审理。基层人民法院审理的基本事实清楚、权利义务关系明确的第一审民事案件，可以由审判员一人适用普通程序独任审理。”

• 秘塔翻译：

  
  

"Civil cases for which trial using simplified procedures is appropriate shall be tried by one judge. Trial of first instance of civil cases for which basic facts are clear and rights and obligations clear and definite by grassroots people's courts may be tried by one judge applying ordinary procedures. "

（2）中院可在简易程序和不服裁定的上诉案件中适用独任制：

• 将第四十条改为第四十一条，

  增加一款作为第二款：

  
  

“中级人民法院对第一审适用简易程序审结或者不服裁定提起上诉的第二审民事案件，事实清楚、权利义务关系明确的，经双方当事人同意，可以由审判员一人独任审理。”

• 秘塔翻译：

"Trial of second instance of civil cases for which trial of first instance is based on simplified procedures or civil cases for which appeal is lodged due to dissatisfaction with a ruling by Intermediate People's Courts, where facts are clear and rights and obligations clear and definite, may be tried by one judge with the consent of both parties."

（3）不能适用独任制的情形：

• 增加一条，作为第四十二条：

“人民法院审理下列民事案件，不得由审判员一人独任审理：

（一）涉及国家利益、社会公共利益的案件；

（二）涉及群体性纠纷，可能影响社会稳定的案件；

（三）人民群众广泛关注或者其他社会影响较大的案件；

（四）属于新类型或者疑难复杂的案件；

（五）法律规定应当组成合议庭审理的案件；

（六）其他不宜由审判员一人独任审理的案件。”

• 秘塔翻译：

"A people's court trying the following civil cases shall not be tried by one judge alone:

(1) cases which involve national interests or public interests;

(II) cases which involve group disputes which may affect social stability;

(III) cases which attract widespread public attention or have other significant social impact;

(IV) cases of a new type or complex nature;

(V) cases for which a collegiate shall be formed pursuant to the provisions of the law; and

(VI) any other cases which are not suitable to be tried by one judge alone."

（4）独任制向合议庭的转换：

• 增加一条，作为第四十三条：

  
  

“人民法院在审理过程中，发现案件不宜由审判员一人独任审理的，应当裁定转由合议庭审理。

当事人认为案件由审判员一人独任审理违反法律规定的，可以向人民法院提出异议。人民法院对当事人提出的异议应当审查，异议成立的，裁定转由合议庭审理；异议不成立的，裁定驳回。”

• 秘塔翻译：

"Where a people's court discovers in the course of trial that a case is not suitable to be tried by one judge alone, it shall rule to transfer the case to a collegiate.

A litigant who believes that trial of a case by one judge alone violates the provisions of the law may raise an objection to the people's court.

The people's court shall examine the objection raised by the litigant, where the objection is established, the people's court shall rule to transfer the case to a collegiate for trial; where the objection is not established, the people's court shall rule that the objection be thrown out."

完善电子送达制度

进一步提升程序效率

• 将第八十七条改为第九十条，修改为：

  
  

“经受送达人同意，人民法院可以采用能够确认其收悉的电子方式送达诉讼文书。通过电子方式送达的判决书、裁定书、调解书，受送达人提出需要纸质文书的，人民法院应当提供。

采用前款方式送达的，以送达信息到达受送达人特定系统的日期为送达日期。”

• 秘塔翻译：

"Upon consent by the party being served, the People's Court may adopt an electronic method for service of litigation documents which is able to confirm receipt. For judgments, rulings and mediation statements served by electronic means, where the recipient requests for paper documents, the people's court shall provide them.

Where the documents are served via a method stipulated in the preceding paragraph, the date of service shall be the date on which the information is deposited in the specific system of the party being served."

公告送达时间从60日降至30日

显著降低当事人时间成本

• 将第九十二条改为第九十五条，

  第一款修改为：

受送达人下落不明，或者用本节规定的其他方式无法送达的，公告送达。自发出公告之日起，经过三十日，即视为送达。

• 秘塔翻译：
  

"Where the party being served is missing, or it is impossible to serve the documents using any method stipulated in this Section, the documents shall be served by way of a public announcement. With effect from the date of public announcement, the documents shall be deemed served after 30 days.

完善小额诉讼制度

（1）扩大小额诉讼适用范围：

• 将第一百六十二条改为第一百六十五条，

  修改为：

“基层人民法院和它派出的法庭审理事实清楚、权利义务关系明确、争议不大的简单金钱给付民事案件，标的额为各省、自治区、直辖市上年度就业人员年平均工资百分之五十以下的，适用小额诉讼的程序审理，实行一审终审。

基层人民法院和它派出的法庭审理前款规定的民事案件，标的额超过各省、自治区、直辖市上年度就业人员年平均工资百分之五十但在二倍以下的，当事人双方也可以约定适用小额诉讼的程序。”

• 秘塔翻译：

"Where the basic people's courts and the tribunals dispatched by them try simple civil cases of payment of money with clear facts, definite relationship of rights and obligations and minor disputes, the amount of which is less than 50% of the annual average salary of the employees of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in the previous year, the petty lawsuit procedures shall apply and the judgment of first instance shall be final.

For civil cases tried by Grassroots People's Courts and their branches stipulated in the preceding paragraph, where the subject matter amount exceeds 50% but below two times the annual average wages of employees in the preceding year of various provinces, autonomous regions and centrally-administered municipalities, both parties to a lawsuit may agree on application of small claims litigation procedures."

（2）明确不适用小额诉讼的情形：

• 增加一条，作为第一百六十六条：

“人民法院审理下列民事案件，不适用小额诉讼的程序：

（一）人身关系、财产确权案件；

（二）涉外案件；

（三）需要评估、鉴定或者对诉前评估、鉴定结果有异议的案件；

（四）一方当事人下落不明的案件；

（五）当事人提出反诉的案件；

（六）其他不宜适用小额诉讼的程序审理的案件。”

• 秘塔翻译：

" Small claims litigation procedures shall not apply to the following civil cases tried by People's Courts:

(1) Cases of confirmation of personal relations and property rights;

(II) Foreign-related cases;

(III) Cases that require evaluation or authentication or where there is any objection to the pre-trial evaluation or authentication results;

(IV) Cases for which the whereabouts of a party to the lawsuit is unknown;

(V) Cases for which a litigant files a counterclaim; and

(VI) Any other cases for which small claims procedures are not applicable."

（3）小额诉讼程序向其他诉讼程序的转换

• 增加一条，作为第一百六十九条：

  
  

“人民法院在审理过程中，发现案件不宜适用小额诉讼的程序的，应当适用简易程序的其他规定审理或者裁定转为普通程序。

当事人认为案件适用小额诉讼的程序审理违反法律规定的，可以向人民法院提出异议。人民法院对当事人提出的异议应当审查，异议成立的，应当适用简易程序的其他规定审理或者裁定转为普通程序；异议不成立的，裁定驳回。”

• 秘塔翻译：

"Where a People's Court discovers in the course of trial that small claims procedures are not appropriate for the case, it shall apply other provisions of simplified procedures for trial of the case or rule on conversion of trial to general procedures.

Where a litigant asserts that the application of small claims procedures for trial of the case violates the provisions of the law, it may raise an objection to the People's Court. The People's Court shall examine the objection raised by the litigant, where the objection is justified, it shall apply other provisions of simplified procedures for trial of the case or rule on conversion of trial to general procedures; where the objection is not justified, it shall be thrown out. "

扩大了司法确认的范围

• 将第一百九十四条改为第二百零一条，

  修改为：

“经依法设立的调解组织调解达成调解协议，申请司法确认的，由双方当事人自调解协议生效之日起三十日内，共同向下列人民法院提出：

（一）人民法院邀请调解组织开展先行调解的，向作出邀请的人民法院提出；

（二）调解组织自行开展调解的，向当事人住所地、标的物所在地、调解组织所在地的基层人民法院提出；调解协议所涉纠纷应当由中级人民法院管辖的，向相应的中级人民法院提出。”

• 秘塔翻译：

(I) where a People's Court invites a mediation organization to conduct preliminary mediation, the application shall be made to the People's Court that has made the invitation; and

(II) where a mediation organization conducts mediation on its own initiative, the application shall be made to the grassroots People's Court at the place where the parties are domiciled, the subject matter is located or the mediation organization is located; where the dispute involved in the mediation agreement shall be under the jurisdiction of Intermediate People's Courts, the application shall be made to the corresponding Intermediate People's Courts."

秘塔首发：中华人民共和国公司法（修订草案）中英双语版