联合国大会就乌克兰问题召开紧急特别会议
联合国大会就乌克兰问题召开紧急特别会议
联合国图片/Evan Schneider 联合国大会就乌克兰问题召开紧急特别会议。
2022 年 2 月 28 日和平与安全
应安理会要求，联合国193个会员国从今天开始就乌克兰问题举行其历史上的第11届紧急特别会议。
联合国大会第11届紧急特别会议主席沙希德在开幕致辞中重申，俄罗斯的军事进攻侵犯了乌克兰的领土完整和主权，不符合《联合国宪章》。他再次呼吁立即停火，各方保持最大限度的克制，全面恢复外交和对话。
他指出，联大第 11 届紧急特别会议的召开植根于《宪章》和题为“联合一致共策和平”的大会第 377 A(V)号决议的授权，“这次会议带来了新希望，以确保联合国的领导力在有关和平与安全的问题上不辜负我们所服务的人民的期望。”
沙希德表示，1946 年 4 月，国际联盟解散，结束了这个存在了26年的组织，最终证明国联无法阻止人类历史上最具破坏性的战争的爆发。
他说：“国际联盟未能提供一种机制来执行国际集体安全，这暴露了其最致命的缺陷。”
国际联盟的创始人之一罗伯特·塞西尔子爵（Right Honorable Viscount Robert Cecil）在他对国际联盟的最后“悼词”中说：“国际联盟已经死了。联合国万岁”。
沙希德说：“今天是联合国成立的第 76 个年头。让我们提醒自己，我们成立联合国是为了维护国际和平与安全，并为此采取有效的集体措施，防止和消除对和平的威胁，并以和平方式，并根据正义和国际法的原则，调整或解决国际争端或局势。”
“通过安理会昨天的会议，难得的对话机会之窗打开了。让我们利用这个机会有意义地、迅速地缓和（乌克兰）局势。”
预计周三投票
由于数量众多的国家要求在紧急特别会议上发言，预计会议将持续到本周三。联合国会员国将在各国代表发言后就一份决议草案进行投票。
古特雷斯：战斗必须停止
古特雷斯强调，“士兵们需要撤回军营，领导人需要走向和平，必须保护平民，必须维护国际人道主义法和人权法。乌克兰在其国际公认边界内的主权、独立和领土完整必须根据大会决议得到尊重。”
“核冲突简直不可想象”
古特雷斯表示，“我们正面临着乌克兰的悲剧，但也面临着对我们所有人都可能造成灾难性影响的重大区域危机。”
他说：“昨天，俄罗斯核力量处于高度戒备状态。这是一个令人不寒而栗的发展。仅仅是核冲突的念头都简直不可想象。没有什么可以成为使用核武器的理由。
欧洲数十年来最严重的人道和难民危机
古特雷斯表示，当前的局势很容易演变成欧洲几十年来最严重的人道主义和难民危机，难民和国内流离失所者的人数每分钟都在增加。
他说：“在未来的几天和几周内，乌克兰的邻国将需要我们的全力支持。联合国将继续协助这些努力。”
周六，古特雷斯与乌克兰总统泽连斯基进行了交谈，并向他保证联合国不会抛弃乌克兰人民，并表达了联合国加强人道主义援助的决心。
在上周的事件发生之前，联合国就已向乌克兰东部接触线两侧的约 300 万人提供了人道主义援助。
联合国现在全天候工作，以评估人道主义需求，并扩大向更多迫切需要保护和庇护的人提供拯救生命的支持。
联合国中央应急基金已经为乌克兰拨款 2000 万美元。秘书长还任命了阿明·阿瓦德担任联合国乌克兰危机协调员。明天，联合国将针对乌克兰和该地区发起两项紧急捐款呼吁。
“我们现在就需要和平”
古特雷斯说：“现在枪声四起，但对话的道路必须始终保持畅通。进行善意的谈判并和平解决所有问题永远不会太晚。我希望现在乌克兰和俄罗斯代表团之间进行的直接会谈不仅会产生立即停止战斗的结果，而且会产生通向外交解决方案的途径。”
他表示，“联合国期待战胜战祸。在世界各地的城市，人们正走上街头，要求结束战争。乌克兰人民希望并需要和平。我相信俄罗斯人民也是如此。我们现在就需要和平。”
General Assembly holds emergency special session on Ukraine crisis
28 February 2022Peace and Security
As fighting escalates in Ukraine, UN Member States met on Monday for a rare emergency special session of the General Assembly to discuss the crisis.
UN Photo/Evan Schneider Assembly President Abdulla Shahid addresses members of the General Assembly Emergency Special Session on Ukraine.
Assembly President Abdulla Shahid underscored that the military offensive launched by Russia five days ago was a violation of the integrity and sovereignty of Ukraine.
An affront to UN principles
Mr. Shahid cited the UN Charter, the Organization’s founding document, which outlines a world where countries settle disputes by peaceful means, without the threat or use of force.
“The ongoing military offensive is inconsistent with this. It is an affront to the founders of this Organization and everything it stands for,” he said.
“The violence must stop. Humanitarian law and international humanitarian law must be respected. And diplomacy and dialogue must prevail.”
Countries observed a minute of silence during the rare emergency special session, which followed a meeting by the Security Council on Sunday.
Council members voted in favour of the General Assembly convening after Russia vetoed a resolution on Friday that would have deplored the assault on Ukraine.
The General Assembly has only held 10 emergency sessions since 1950, in line with the adoption of resolution 377A(V), widely known as ‘Uniting for Peace’.
The resolution gives the Assembly power to take up matters of international peace and security when the Security Council is unable to act due to unanimity among its five permanent members – China, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Russia – who have the power of veto.
Potential 'ray of hope'
“As we convene here in the General Assembly, negotiators from both sides are holding talks in Belarus,” Mr. Shahid told ambassadors.
“This offers a ray of hope. We pray that these talks will calm down tempers and pave way to peace.”
Addressing the UN membership, Secretary-General António Guterres stated that the fighting in Ukraine must stop.
The bombardment of cities such as the capital, Kyiv, has forced people to seek shelter, including in subway stations. Roughly half a million Ukrainians have also crossed the country’s borders.
'Enough is enough'
Mr. Guterres said that although Russian strikes are reportedly largely targeting Ukrainian military facilities, “we have credible accounts of residential buildings, critical civilian infrastructure and other non-military targets sustaining heavy damage.”
Civilians, including children, have been killed in the violence.
“Enough is enough,” the Secretary-General said. “Soldiers need to move back to their barracks. Leaders need to move to peace. Civilians must be protected. International humanitarian and human rights law must be upheld.”
The world is facing what is a tragedy for Ukraine, he added, but also a major regional crisis with potentially disastrous implications for all.
"Yesterday, Russian nuclear forces were put on high alert. This is a chilling development. The mere idea of a nuclear conflict is simply inconceivable. Nothing can justify the use of nuclear weapons," he said.
Mr. Guterres underlined the UN’s commitment to Ukraine, reminding that last week he had allocated $20 million from a UN humanitarian fund to support emergency operations, in addition to appointing a Crisis Coordinator for the country.
“At the same time, we are bringing together partners, in and outside the country – and surging personnel into the country,” he continued.
Humanitarian appeals
The UN will also launch two coordinated emergency appeals for Ukraine and the region on Tuesday.
One will address escalating humanitarian needs inside the country, including rising internal displacement, while the other will respond to the needs of people who have fled elsewhere.
International peace at stake: Ukraine
Ukraine's Ambassador, Sergiy Kyslytsya, remarked that for the first time since the UN was established, a full-fledged war was unfolding in the centre of Europe.
UN Photo/Evan Schneider Ambassador Sergiy Kyslytsya of Ukraine addresses the UN General Assembly Emergency Special Session on Ukraine.
Some 352 Ukrainians, including 16 children have been killed to date, he reported, while more than 2,000 were injured.
He said now is the time to help his country.
“If Ukraine does not survive, international peace will not survive,” Mr. Kyslytsya told the General Assembly.
“If Ukraine does not survive, the United Nations will not survive, have no illusions. If Ukraine does not survive, we cannot be surprised if democracy fails next,” he added.
UN Photo/Evan Schneider Ambassador Vassily Nebenzia of Russia addresses the UN General Assembly Emergency Special Session on Ukraine.
Russian actions ‘distorted’: UN Ambassador
Speaking through an interpreter, Russian Ambassadsor Vasily Nebenzya said the actions of his country are being “distorted and thwarted”, with media and social networks proliferating what he called “these lies”.
The goal of the special military operation is to protect people in Luhansk and Donetsk, two regions in eastern Ukraine, “who for eight years were subject to torment and genocide by the Kyiv regime,” he said.
“To that end, there is a need to demilitarize and de-nazify Ukraine.”
Mr. Nebenzya said Russia believes the UN can play a role in addressing the Ukrainian crisis by helping “to bring stakeholder positions closer together and eradicate the causes of conflict.”
Vote on resolution expected
Some 100 countries are expected to address the General Assembly, which is scheduled to vote on a draft resolution on Ukraine, tentatively expected on Wednesday.
Although Assembly resolutions are non-binding, they are considered to carry political weight as they express the will of the wider UN membership.
In the interim, further information on the special emergency session can be found at UN Meetings Coverage.
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