IPCC报告发出气候领导行动失败的严厉控告
气专委报告发出气候领导行动失败的严厉控告
2022 年 2 月 28 日气候变化与环境
政府间气候变化专门委员会今天发布最新报告指出，气候变化对人类福祉和地球健康构成严重威胁，最没有能力应对的群体和生态系统受到气候变化的冲击最大。秘书长古特雷斯则把这份报告称为“人类苦难图集”。
经过两个星期的线上会议，政府间气候变化专门委员会195个成员国政府2月27日批准了委员会第二工作组报告《气候变化2022：影响、适应和脆弱性》的决策者摘要。该报告也是气专委第六次评估报告的第二部分。
报告显示，在未来20年里，随着全球变暖超过1.5℃，世界不可避免地面临着多种气候危害。热浪、干旱和洪水越来越多，超出动植物的承受范围，导致树木和珊瑚等物种大规模死亡。极端天气使数百万人面临严重的食物和水不安全。社会将承担更大风险，包括基础设施和低地沿海居民区的风险。
为了避免越来越多的生命、生物多样性和基础设施的损失，需要采取宏大的加速行动来适应气候变化，同时迅速大幅削减温室气体排放。报告发现，目前适应方面的进展不平衡，所采取的行动与应对日益增长的风险所需的行动之间的落差越来越大。在低收入人群中，这一差距最为明显。
人类苦难图集
秘书长古特雷斯通过视频在发布会上表示，今天这份报告堪称人类苦难图集，是对气候领导行动失败的严厉控告。报告用一桩桩事实，揭示人类和地球如何在遭受气候变化的打击。
他指出，近一半人口生活在危险地区，许多生态系统濒临万劫不复的边缘，不加控制的碳污染正迫使全世界最脆弱者加速毁灭。“事实无可否认。如此放弃领导纯属犯罪。”
古特雷斯强调，世上的污染大户在纵火烧毁我们唯一的家园。必须实现将全球升温限制在1.5℃的目标。
他表示：“科学告诉我们，这要求全世界到2030年减排45%，到2050年实现净零排放。但以现有承诺，全球排放量将在本十年增加近14%。这会带来灾难。这会摧毁保持在1.5度的任何可能性。”
煤炭和其他化石燃料正在窒息人类
秘书长表示，二十国集团各国政府都已同意停止向海外煤炭供资。如今，它们必须在国内紧急采取同样的行动，解散运煤船队。必须追究仍在为煤炭供资的私营部门成员的责任。石油和天然气巨头及其承保人也在警告之列。
他说：“当你的计划和项目破坏2050年净零目标，当你忽视本十年必须实现的重大减排之时，你就无法声称自己保护环境。人们能看透这种伎俩。到2030年，经合组织国家必须逐步淘汰煤炭；到2040年，所有其他国家都必须淘汰。”
古特雷斯指出，全球目前的能源混合已经分崩离析。持续依赖化石燃料会使全球经济和能源安全遭受地缘政治冲击和危机影响。现在不是减缓全球经济去碳化的时候，而要使能源加速向可再生能源未来过渡。“化石燃料是一条死路——对地球、人类、经济都是如此。立即在良好管理下向可再生能源过渡是实现全世界所需的能源安全、普遍获取和绿色就业的唯一途径。”
他呼吁发达国家、多边开发银行、私人金融家和其他各方结成联盟，帮助主要新兴经济体终结煤炭使用。
适应方面的投资在起作用
古特雷斯同时强调，随着气候影响的恶化，扩大投资对生存至关重要。必须以同等力度和紧迫性力争适应和缓解。这就是为什么他一直推动将全部气候资金的一半用于适应。
他表示，“格拉斯哥对适应资金作出的承诺显然不足以应对气候危机前沿国家面临的挑战。我还敦促消除障碍，使小岛屿国家和最不发达国家获得拯救生命和生计所急需的资金。我们需要新的资格制度应对这一新现实。拖延就意味死亡。”
秘书长指出，所有多边、区域、国家开发银行需要与各国政府合作，设计银行可担保的一系列适应项目，并帮项目找到公共和私人资金。每个国家都必须履行格拉斯哥承诺，年年加强本国气候计划，直至符合1.5℃的目标。二十国集团必须带头，否则人类将付出更为惨重的代价。
他在发言最后表示，“我知道世界各地的人们无不焦虑、愤怒。现在是化愤怒为行动的时候了。点滴分毫都重要。每个声音都起作用。每分每秒都宝贵。”
采取行动的窗口越来越小
适应不断变化的气候有多种方式可以选择。这份报告对大自然的潜力提供了新的洞见，自然不仅可以减少气候风险，而且可以改善人们的生活。
政府间气候变化专门委员会第二工作组联合主席汉斯·奥托·珀特纳表示， “通过恢复退化的生态系统，有效和公平地保护地球上30%至50%的土地、淡水和海洋生境，社会可以从大自然吸收和储存碳的能力中受益，我们可以加速实现可持续发展，但充足的资金和政治支持不可或缺。”
报告同时警告，在目前的变暖水平下，进行气候适应型发展已经具有挑战性。如果全球变暖超过1.5℃，气候适应型发展将变得更加有限。在一些地区，如果全球变暖超过2℃，将不可能进行气候适应型发展。这一关键发现强调了气候行动的紧迫性，其重点在于公平和正义。充足的资金、技术转让、政治承诺和伙伴关系能带来更有效的气候变化适应和减排。
珀特纳表示：“科学证据十分明确：气候变化是对人类福祉和地球健康的威胁。确保宜居的未来的窗口短暂且在迅速关闭，任何对全球一致行动的进一步拖延都将致使我们错过这一窗口。”
【相关阅读】
【IPCC重磅新报告】《气候变化2022：影响、适应和脆弱性》
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report
PRESS STATEMENT
ANTONY J. BLINKEN, U. S. SECRETARY OF STATE
FEBRUARY 28, 2022
The report today from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a reminder that the climate crisis threatens us all, in every region of the world and across every sector of the economy. It also demonstrates why the international community must urgently continue to pursue ambitious climate action, even as we face other pressing global challenges.
We know the significant risks climate change poses to our health and safety, and we know the climate plays a decisive role in shaping the trajectory of peace and prosperity in the world. While political and economic decisions are the primary drivers of conflict, climate change will increase as a threat to global and local stability.
The IPCC report underscores the ways climate impacts are affecting lives and livelihoods globally now. The report reflects scientists’ increased confidence that the harm already being experienced as a result of climate impacts will worsen as the world continues to warm, with growing adverse effects on economies, ecosystems, and human health.
Importantly, the IPCC report concludes that effective adaptation measures can help build a more resilient global society in the near term and beyond. The report also emphasizes that solutions are most effective when they prioritize inclusion and equity in planning and implementation and work across all levels of government.
The IPCC’s findings reinforce the importance and urgency of work already underway across the U.S. government to implement President Biden’s Emergency Plan for Adaptation and Resilience (PREPARE), the cornerstone of the U.S. government response to addressing the increasing impacts of the global climate crisis. PREPARE will bring together the United States’ diplomatic, development, and technical expertise to help more than half a billion people in developing countries adapt to and manage the impacts of climate change by 2030.
Approval of this report is the result of more than five years of work by hundreds of scientists from the United States and around the world to comprehensively assess what is known about the global impacts of and vulnerabilities to climate change. I commend the many expert contributors to this report, which has provided us with a comprehensive and authoritative synthesis of knowledge about global climate change impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation.
The United States is committed to continued participation in IPCC activities and to the rigorous use of scientific information as a foundation for action to address the threats from climate change.
28 February 2022Directorate-General for Climate Action, European Union
Urgent need to adapt to massive impacts of climate change highlighted in latest IPCC report
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has today published its latest report on the impacts, adaptation and vulnerabilities related to climate change. Authored by hundreds of the world’s top climate scientists, the report confirms that climate change is here to stay and some of its effects are now unavoidable. Across the globe, the climate crisis is putting lives and livelihoods at risk – especially for the most vulnerable.
Executive Vice-President for the European Green Deal Frans Timmermans said, "Today’s IPCC report confirms what we already know: the climate crisis is upon us. Its impacts on people and nature across the planet are real and will only intensify in the coming decades. We must heed this warning, and ramp up our action to become more resilient to the changing climate while continuing to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions.
One of the report’s main findings is that climate change induced by humanity is already impacting nature and people more intensely, more frequently and over a wider geographical area than previously thought.
A greater surface of land is being burnt by wildfires, and tropical cyclones are causing greater damage due to climate change.
Around half of the species studied have shifted their habitats towards the poles or to higher altitudes, and the first species extinctions driven by climate change have already occurred.
The degradation and destruction of ecosystems harms our ability to adapt to climate change.
Climate change is already undermining our food and water security, agricultural productivity, and physical and mental health.
Moreover, the report finds that that these kinds of risks will increase inexorably over the next two decades – but some risks can be lessened by taking measures to adapt to the impacts.
As confirmed by last year’s IPCC report on the physical science, we can lessen these risks in the longer term by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and curbing global warming, but we must also adapt to the changing climate simultaneously. The report’s findings reinforce the need for Europe to become more climate resilient and prepare for the inevitable impacts of the climate crisis. With the EU Adaptation StrategySearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN•••, we are aiming to make adaptation smarter, swifter and more systemic, and to step up international action on adaptation to climate change.
The EU Mission on Adaptation to Climate Change plays a central role in these efforts, supporting at least 150 European regions and communities to become climate resilient by 2030. Meanwhile, the EU already plays an important role in supporting climate adaptation globally. In 2020, the EU and its Member States pledged some €23.39 billion in climate finance, of which around half was spent on helping our partners adapt to climate change. Moreover, at COP26 the EU pledged €100 million to the United Nations Adaptation FundSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN•••, making it the biggest donor to the Fund, which offers finance to developing countries vulnerable to the impact of climate change.
What is the IPCC?
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the United Nations body for assessing climate change science. It produces regular assessments of the scientific basis of climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. These reports inform governments in the development of climate policy as well as guiding the UN’s international climate change negotiations. They are regarded as the most authoritative assessment of the science of climate change since their production involves hundreds of scientists as authors or reviewers, and findings are based on the strength of evidence and level of agreement across all available scientific literature.
Among thousands of people from all over the world who contribute to the work of the IPCC, scientists from the European Union’s Joint Research CentreSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• play an important role. Through its Research Framework Programmes, the European Union funds impactful research on climate science, which contributes to the IPCC reports and helps promote evidence-based policies worldwide.
Last year’s report Iooked at the physical science basis for climate change, while the forthcoming IPCC report due to be published next month will look at the mitigation of climate change by cutting greenhouse gas emissions and removing carbon from the atmosphere.