大学英语四六级作文的段落写法、注意事项等

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一、段落写法

通常而言，英语作文的段落主要由主题句和扩展句组成，有时也包括结论句。

1、主题句

主题句包括主题词和关键词。如果说前者涉及要说什么的问题，后者涉及的则是限定应写的内容、范围。

如主题词为smoking的主题句可以写成：

Smoking is harmful to health.

Getting rid of the smoking habit is not easy.

In order to protect non-smokers from becoming smokers, measures must be taken to reduce the appeal of smoking.

紧紧把握主题句中关键词的导向和制约作用，是作文写作成功的关键因素之一。

2、扩展句

扩展句包括主要扩展句和次要扩展句。前者是为了对主题句中表示主要思想的关键词进行直接、明确的说明，后者则是为了说明它的主要扩展句。需要注意的是，并非每个自然段都需要包含主要扩展句和次要扩展句。

例如：

（主题句）I don’t teach because teaching is not easy for me.

（主要扩展句1）Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn my living: mechanic, carpenter, writer.

（主要扩展句2）For me, teaching is a red-eye, sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach profession.  

（次要扩展句1）Red-eye, because I never feel ready to teach no matter how late I stay up preparing.

（次要扩展句2）Sweaty-palm, because I’m always nervous before I enter the classroom, sure that I will be found out for the fool that I am.

（次要扩展句3）Sinking stomach, because I leave the classroom an hour later convinced that I was even more boring than usual.

二、段落的基本结构

当然，上面列举的各种支撑句也不一定一次性全用上，而是要根据写作的主题来取舍。

三、写作完成后需要检查的事项

作文写完后，是需要检查的，为的是查漏补缺，及时发现，及时修改，将错误的发生率尽可能降到最低。下面简要谈谈需要检查的几个方面：

1、句子

拼写，大小写，标点，搭配，词形变化，主谓一致，非谓语动词使用。

2、段落

句子是否完整，衔接是否恰当。

3、语篇

主题是否明确，内容是否切题，段落间是否连贯。

段落划分是否清楚？

句子、段落之间过渡是否自然？

时态

代词指代是否明确？（this, that, it）

四、作文中需要注意的事项

句子之间界限要清楚；一句话结束了，需点上句号；下一句首字母需大写

前后时态要一致

主语单复数与谓语形式需一致：the society have（has）become

单词拼写要正确：writting（writing）, nowdays（nowadays）  

词性使用要符合语法要求：it can bring happy（happiness）to us

一句一谓语：Some people are begin（二者择其一）…；There are some people want（who want）…

句子要完整：Why happen these things（Why do these things happen）?

画蛇添足的句子：Thank you for your reading；That’s all；Do you think so?

1、规范问题

a. How to choose lecturers? Different students, different ideas.（wrong）

How should we choose lecturers? Different students have different ideas.（right）

b. Then, If the lecturer has good manners,…（wrong）

Then, if the lecturer has good manners,…（right）

c. First, The lecturer should have a wide range of knowledge.（wrong）

First, the lecturer should have a wide range of knowledge. （right）

d. It will effect their interesting of study.（wrong）

It will affect their interests of study.（right）

e.The students will consider the following factors:

1) Is the class interesting?

2) Is the teacher humorous ?

3) …（wrong）

The students will consider the following factors. Firstly, is the class interesting? Secondly, is the teacher humorous? Thirdly,…（right）

f. In the past, many students are tired of study because they disliked their teachers.（wrong）

In the past, many students were tired of study because they disliked their teachers.（right）

2、句法问题

g. There are some factors should be considered when choose lecturers.（wrong）

There are some factors which should be considered when choosing lecturers.（right）

3、用词问题

h. It can take some problems.（wrong）

It can bring/bring about some problems.（right）

i. As the development of educational reform,…（wrong）

With the development of educational reform,…（right）

As time goes by, we have been in this school for two years.（right）

4、及物动词与不及物动词

j. When they choose lecturers, they should consider carefully.（wrong）

When they choose lecturers, they should consider it carefully. （right）

k. Some people object it.（wrong）

Some people object to it.（right）

练一练，请根据上下文需要，填上适当的动词和代词形式。

What _____(be) some of the things people _____(be) afraid of? A recent survey _____(ask) more than 1,000 people what they _____(be) afraid of and snakes _____(be) number one on the list. According to the survey, 51 percent of people _____(be) afraid of _____(代词). Next, the survey _____(find) that 40 percent of people _____(be) afraid of speaking in public. Only 11 percent of people _____(say) they _____(be) afraid of crowds,and just five percent of people _____(be) afraid of the dark. Mice, however, _____(be) quite high on the list --- 20 percent of people _____(be) afraid of _____(代词).

五、写作流程回顾

要在30分钟内完成一篇达到要求的高分作文，考生应根据自己的实际情况，参照下列步骤和时间进行：

1、5分钟：审题+构思、列提纲；

2、20分钟：充实提纲，完成作文；

3、5分钟：通篇检查作文，修改润色。

即“5-20-5”原则

古人云，法乎其上,得乎其中；法乎其中,得乎其下。翻译成白话文，就是说，立上等的目标，得中等的结果；立中等的目标，得下等的结果。如果将其用来指导我们的四六级作文写作，就要求我们尽可能多方准备，精益求精。只有这样，才能写出一篇比较令人满意的作文。

练一练参考答案

What are some of the things people are afraid of? A recent survey asked more than 1,000 people what they were afraid of and snakes are number one on the list. According to the survey, 51 percent of people are afraid of them. Next, the survey found that 40 percent of people are afraid of speaking in public. Only 11 percent of people said they are afraid of crowds,and just five percent of people are afraid of the dark. Mice, however, were quite high on the list --- 20 percent of people are afraid of them.

致读者：2019年下半年大学英语四级考试还剩不足40天，为助力同学们四级考试，本公众号将陆续推出相关题型做题技巧，欢迎大家关注、阅读，并将它推荐给周围有需要的同学。 

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