我在COP上的致辞：投资技术创新以挽救和改善尽可能多的生命 | 盖茨笔记

Hello from COP28! I’m at the climate conference here in Dubai. I just wrapped up my first day, and it was an exciting, productive, and inspiring start. The energy in the room was just amazing—especially from the young activists whose passion sets the tone for every COP. You can read more about why I’m feeling optimistic about the days ahead here.

（译者注：原文发表于美国时间12月1日）来自COP28的问候！我正在迪拜参加气候会议。我刚刚结束第一天的工作，这是一个令人兴奋、富有成效和鼓舞人心的开始。会场上的活力令人惊叹——尤其是年轻的活动家们，他们的热情为每届COP（联合国气候变化大会）定下了基调。你可以在这里了解更多我对未来感到乐观的原因。

I participated in a number of super interesting sessions today, including one on food security. It’s remarkable to see how climate adaptation has been elevated at COP in recent years. I’m going to spend a lot of time over the next couple days talking about how we need to help the people who are most vulnerable to climate change.

我今天参加了几个非常有趣的会议，包括关于粮食安全的。近年来，看到气候适应问题在COP上受关注程度逐渐提高，这真的很好。在接下来的几天里，我将花大量时间讨论我们需要如何帮助那些最容易受到气候变化影响的人们。

I was honored to close out the first day of the World Climate Action Summit by addressing COP28 delegates. My remarks took place during a session dedicated to the important role business and philanthropic leaders play in fighting climate change. I spoke about the need to direct climate investment towards projects that maximize the number of lives impacted. You can read the full text of my speech below.

我很荣幸能在世界气候行动峰会第一天的闭幕式上向COP28（第28届联合国气候变化大会）的代表们致辞。我的讲话是在一个专门讨论商业和慈善领袖在应对气候变化中发挥的重要作用的会议上发表的。我谈到有必要将气候投资引导到能够最大限度地增加受影响生命数量的项目上。你可以在下面阅读我的演讲全文。

Remarks as prepared

December 1, 2023

COP28 World Climate Action Summit

发言稿

2023年12月1日

COP28 世界气候行动峰会

Good evening. Eight years ago, I joined many of you on the stage in Paris to send three messages to the world.

晚上好。八年前，我和你们中的许多人一起站在巴黎的演讲台上，向世界发出了三条信息。

1. The climate crisis demands our immediate attention.

1. 我们亟需关注气候危机。

2. If we’re going to solve it, we need to invent and scale the innovations that get us to zero.

2. 如果我们要解决这个问题，我们就需要发明和扩大创新，实现零碳排放。

3. To develop these technologies, the public and private sectors came together to make historic commitments.

3. 为了开发这些技术，公共和私营部门共同做出了历史性的承诺。

Eight years later, I am excited to report that these commitments are showing real results. To see proof, just walk around the Innovation Hub. Most of the companies you will find there didn’t exist eight years ago. Some are supported by Breakthrough Energy, the organization I committed to starting in Paris to complement the efforts that governments were undertaking. Others have emerged in recent years and are doing incredible work.

八年后，我很高兴地向大家报告，这些承诺正在显现出实实在在的成果。要看证据，只需在创新中心转转。你会发现这里的大多数公司在八年前都不存在。其中一些公司得到了突破能源（Breakthrough Energy）的支持。突破能源是我在巴黎承诺创办的一个组织，旨在补充各国政府正在开展的工作。还有一些是近几年才出现的，正在做着杰出的工作。

As you know, the world’s emissions can be divided into five sectors. We must get to zero emissions in each one to meet our climate goals.

众所周知，全球的排放可分为五个部分。我们必须在每个领域都实现零排放，才能实现我们的气候目标。

Electric vehicles and power plants get the most attention, but emissions come from lots of different human activities. The good news is that we are making progress across all five sectors.

电动汽车和发电厂最受关注，但排放来自许多不同的人类活动。好消息是，我们在所有五个领域都取得了进展。

In manufacturing, we are well on the way to making steel with electricity instead of coal. Buildings are getting greener thanks to a company that has developed a window that is many times more efficient than most windows used today. The transportation sector continues to take huge leaps forward: Earlier this year, a sports car went 600 miles on a single charge using a new type of battery. In agriculture, one company has developed microbes that provide plants with the fertilizer they need without producing excess greenhouse gases. And earlier this year, I visited the future site of TerraPower’s next-generation power plant in Kemmerer, Wyoming—which will be the most advanced nuclear facility in the world when it opens.

在制造业方面，我们正逐步实现用电力而不是煤炭来炼钢。得益于一家公司开发了一种比现在使用的大多数窗户效率高出许多倍的窗户，建筑物变得越来越环保。交通运输领域继续取得巨大的飞跃：今年早些时候，一辆跑车使用一种新型电池充电一次行驶了600英里。在农业领域，一家公司开发了一种微生物，可以为植物提供所需的肥料，而不会产生过多的温室气体。今年早些时候，我参观了泰拉能源（TerraPower）未来在怀俄明州凯默勒的下一代发电厂，该发电厂投入使用后将成为世界上最先进的核设施。

The world is making remarkable progress, but our task is far from complete. We still have a lot of work to do to get to zero in all five areas.

世界正在取得显著进展，但我们的任务远未完成。我们还有很多工作要做，才能在这五个领域实现零排放。

For example, we won’t realize the full potential of the world’s incredible clean electricity advancements without the infrastructure to deliver it. That is why we need to build new, smarter power grids.

例如，如果没有输送电力的基础设施，我们就无法充分发挥世界上令人难以置信的清洁电力进步的潜力。因此，我们需要建设新的、更智能的电网。

We also need to create more pathways to zero. Technologies like clean hydrogen and carbon capture have huge potential but need significant investment.

我们还需要创造更多实现零排放的途径。清洁氢和碳捕集等技术潜力巨大，但需要大量投资。

Philanthropists, governments, and companies need to make big bets now that will help crucial innovations get developed and deployed as quickly as possible. Since Paris, I have put more than $2 billion into clean energy technologies. I plan to double that amount in the coming years, but more investment is needed. If you are in a position to fund a clean energy future, I urge you to do so.

慈善家、政府和公司现在就需要加大投资，以帮助关键的创新尽快得到开发和部署。自巴黎会议以来，我已为清洁能源技术投入了20多亿美元。我计划在未来几年将这一数额翻番，但还需要更多投资。如果你有能力为清洁能源的未来提供资金，我敦促你这样做。

To bring innovations to scale, we need to reduce the cost difference between things that emit and things that don’t—a difference I call the Green Premium. The cost of the transition must be low enough that the whole world can afford it. 

为了扩大创新的规模，我们需要缩小排放与不排放之间的成本差异——我称之为绿色溢价（Green Premium）。转型的成本必须低到全世界都能负担得起。

I believe there is a path to a zero Green Premium, and I believe that we can still reach our climate goals and achieve zero emissions. But unfortunately, our efforts are complicated by two factors.

我相信有一条通往零绿色溢价的道路，我相信我们仍然可以实现我们的气候目标，实现零排放。但不幸的是，我们的努力因两个因素而变得复杂。

First, we must help people adapt to a planet that is already getting warmer.

首先，我们必须帮助人们适应已经变暖的地球。

Our priority should be those who are most affected. That means farmers in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, who contribute the least to the problem but suffer the most. Farmers need support so they can produce more crops and livestock even as temperatures rise and the weather gets more extreme. I spoke about this earlier today during the Food Systems Summit, where the Gates Foundation announced a $200 million partnership with the UAE to support food systems innovation.

我们应该优先考虑那些受影响最严重的人群。这意味着撒哈拉以南非洲和南亚的农民，他们对这一问题的责任最小，但遭受的影响最大。农民需要支持，这样即使气温升高，天气变得更加极端，他们也能生产更多的农作物和牲畜。今天早些时候，我在粮食系统峰会（Food Systems Summit）上谈到了这一点，盖茨基金会在会上宣布与阿联酋建立2亿美元的合作伙伴关系，以支持粮食系统创新。

This starts with arming them with more information, including local, long-range climate forecasts. And it requires developing more sustainable, resilient approaches to crop and livestock production.

首先要让他们掌握更多信息，包括当地的长期气候预测。此外，还需要开发更可持续、更具适应性的作物和牲畜生产方式。

For example, scientists have bred 160 drought-tolerant and disease-resistant varieties of maize. Farmers in Zimbabwe who planted one of these varieties harvested enough extra maize to feed their families for nine months.

例如，科学家培育了160个耐旱抗病的玉米品种。津巴布韦的农民们种植了其中一个品种后，多收获的玉米足够养家糊口九个月。

These were developed by researchers from the agricultural research network called CGIAR. The Gates Foundation is proud to call them one of our partners. Countries must meet the commitment they made two years ago in Glasgow to double the amount of funding for adaptation by 2025—including support for CGIAR’s goal of raising $4 billion.

这些品种是由名为国际农业研究磋商组织（CGIAR）的农业研究网络的研究人员培育出来的。盖茨基金会非常自豪地称他们为我们的合作伙伴之一。各国必须履行两年前在格拉斯哥做出的承诺，到2025年将用于气候适应的资金增加一倍，包括支持CGIAR实现筹集40亿美元的目标。

No other effort to adapt to climate change will have more impact.

没有任何其他适应气候变化的努力会产生比这更大的影响。

The second factor complicating our progress toward our climate goals is a cold, hard truth: The world has limited resources available to reduce inequities. I believe we should devote more. But a realistic level forces us to make choices about which areas get the world’s attention.

使我们实现气候目标的进程复杂化的第二个因素是一个冷酷无情的事实：世界上可用于减少不平等现象的资源有限。我认为我们应该投入更多。但是，现实的水平迫使我们做出选择，让世界关注哪些领域。

Here is another truth: Climate change is a major threat to human welfare. So are food insecurity, malnutrition, and infectious diseases.

另一个事实是：气候变化是对人类福祉的重大威胁。粮食不安全、营养不良和传染病也是如此。

Each of these threats is connected to one another. For example, extreme weather is making it harder to grow crops in some parts of the world—which puts more children at risk of malnutrition and makes them more vulnerable to disease.

这些威胁相互关联。例如，极端天气使世界某些地区的农作物更难生长——这使更多儿童面临营养不良的风险，也使他们更容易感染疾病。

In a world with limited resources, it may seem like we cannot make progress on climate, health, and development all at once. But nobody would be better off in a world with fewer carbon emissions but more illness, starvation, and death. So, we have to find a way to tackle all three at the same time.

在一个资源有限的世界里，我们似乎无法同时在气候、健康和发展方面取得进展。但是，在一个碳排放减少但疾病、饥饿和死亡增多的世界里，没有人会过得更好。因此，我们必须想办法同时解决这三个问题。

Fortunately, innovation allows us to magnify the impact of our efforts. Just as innovation will get us to zero emissions, it will also allow us to continue the remarkable progress made over the last century to improve human welfare around the world.

幸运的是，创新让我们能够扩大我们努力的影响。正如创新能让我们实现零排放一样，创新也能让我们继续保持上个世纪在改善全世界人类福祉方面取得的显著进步。

Consider the progress we have made in reducing childhood deaths.

看看我们在减少儿童死亡方面取得的进展。

In the year 1990, 12 million children died. By 2000, the number had dropped to fewer than 10 million. By 2019, it was below 5 million.

1990年，有1200万儿童死亡。到2000年，这一数字下降到不到1000万。到2019年，这一数字低于500万。

How did we do it? In part, by spending some of the world’s limited resources on a key innovation: Vaccines.

我们是如何做到的？部分原因在于，我们将全球有限的资源用于一项关键创新：疫苗。

Scientists found new ways to make vaccines that were faster and cheaper but just as safe. They developed new vaccines to tackle deadly diseases like rotavirus. And the world created an organization called Gavi, which has vaccinated nearly a billion children in low- and middle-income countries—and is already working on climate-sensitive diseases like cholera, whose spread is closely linked with heavy rains and floods.

科学家们找到了更快、更便宜但同样安全的疫苗制造新方法。他们开发了新疫苗来应对轮状病毒等致命疾病。全世界成立了一个名为全球疫苗免疫联盟（Gavi）的组织，该组织已为中低收入国家的近十亿儿童接种了疫苗，并已在研究霍乱等对气候敏感的疾病，霍乱的传播与暴雨和洪水密切相关。

Every discussion about allocating scarce resources should begin with a simple question: How can this money save and improve the most lives, now and in the future?

每一次关于稀缺资源分配的讨论都应从一个简单的问题开始：这笔钱如何才能在现在和将来拯救和改善最多人的生命？

With this question as our guide, in the decades ahead, I believe we can improve human welfare faster than any of us have seen in our lifetimes—and avoid a climate disaster. The work that we have gathered here to discuss will play a huge part in getting us there, and I am inspired by all the commitments being made.

以这个问题为导向，我相信在未来的几十年里，我们能够以前所未有的速度改善人类福利，并避免气候灾难。我们聚集在这里讨论的工作将在实现这一目标方面发挥巨大作用，我对正在作出的所有承诺感到鼓舞。

By investing in innovation that works for everyone, we won’t just keep the planet livable. We will make it a better place to live.

通过投资于惠及人人的创新，我们不仅可以让这个星球适于生存。我们将使它成为一个更宜居的地方。

Thank you.

谢谢大家。