I must say, this is my first time in Taiwan这是我第一次到台湾Actually, my first in Asia.事实上是我第一次到亚洲来I'm really excited. and, um, thank you.我很兴奋。谢谢I've only been here for two days, but我到这里才两天 不过谢谢你们的邀请我很荣幸来到这里Before I speak I’ve got something important to say.开始之前我得先讲件重要的事This is ted, so they told me to be very brief and to the point, concise.他们说因为是TEDso I promise I'll as brief as possible必须简洁有力no matter how long it takes.所以不管讲多长 我一定都会非常简洁有力的I come from a conference that was held in Doha, Qatar我刚从卡塔尔的多哈会议回来At the international education resources network summit关于国际教育资源网络的会议one of the most important conference in the world about education.是全球关于教育最重要的会议之一And I've done in a couple of other times.我之前已经参加过很多次了So，right.所以说像这样successful running around the world踏遍世界各地everything was laid out for me我好像一开始就得天独厚not.但其实不是这样and I come from a small village in the north of Italy.我来自北意大利的小村庄from a lower middle class family我的家庭是属于中下阶层actually to be perfectly honest, to European standard ,pretty poor family其实以欧洲的标准来说 是蛮穷的家庭and if I look back in my past I realize回首过去的我that very few would bet on me.看起来将来似乎不太会成功I was, you know, one of the losers我以前是所谓的「鲁蛇」(loser)I was kind of a nerd.算是个书呆子And proud of it, it was fun.而且当时我很以此为傲still am. so um.现在仍是But i mean, the school environment was really tough.我要说的是 当时的学校环境很糟you have to fight your way out.糟到你必须去打斗When I say fight, I don't mean in the metaphorical term.我说打斗不是譬喻I mean, literally, fight.是真的要「打」And as you can tell你可以看到这张照片it is me right there我在这里the tough looking one看起来最凶猛的那个that. yeah恩I was clearly the strongest and the biggest of the whole bunch.我是那群最强壮最大只的一位no problem for me there没问题的when I was 14 I had to decide the high school to attend我十四岁那年 得决定去哪所高中And my teacher, he said to my mom那时我的老师告诉我妈妈Ms...I'm sorry but your son is not one of the smart kids很抱歉 你儿子不是个聪明的孩子not the one. He's, you know, kind of stupid他有点驽钝he was asking weird questions.他老是问些奇怪的问题You should just send him to work.你该让他直接去工作You know, don't bother send him to school不要让他继续读书了Certainly don't send him to Ginnasio, the toughest school in the country.尤其不需要送他去升学高中I mean, ever那些是全国竞争最激烈的学校So my parents have been obviously the awesome parents they are不过显然我爸妈是很棒的家长They didn't listen the piles of nonsense他们根本不听那些胡诌的话And they send me precisely to the school that they said I'll never be able to make it.他们就把我送去那所其他人认为我绝对无法去的学校And two years later I was given a chance两年后我得到个机会I won a full scholarship for a very prestigious school.一间非常有名的大学 给了我一笔全额奖学金In the north of Italy, closely to Slovenia, it's called United World College学校是在北意大利 叫做联合世界书院Its mission was to make education a force to unite people,学校的愿景是让教育成为整合人民、国家、文化的力量nations and cultures for peace and a sustainable future.以迈向和平和永续的未来Just like my previous school. same thing.这愿景跟我之前的学校一样Yeah I was kind of like that.差不多是这样啦But this is my turning point.但这是我人生的转折点In that school I had amazing teachers. They were the best.在那所学校 我有最棒的老师Because more than just teachers,不止是知识传授者they were mentors.他们还是心灵导师They were guides, and they were friends.他们引导了我 也是我的好朋友They told us that we could be everything we wanted老师们说我们可以变成任何想成为的人We could do anything in our lives.我们可以完成任何想做的事情If we believe we can do it,只要我们相信做得到if we had a plan只要我们有计划and if we acted on it只要我们去实践right and making peace on earth was not a hippie dream即使世界和平也不是嬉皮梦It could have been a reality.它可以实践So that gave me the vision and the strength这拓展我的视野 也赐给我力量to take on many challenges that have gone through my life.接受人生中的各种挑战It brought me where I am today.让我得以成为现在的我If I'd listened to my teacher back in my previous school如果我听从我前一所学校老师的话I am probably sweeping the floor of the school by now.我现在大概在替学校扫地But how many kids didn't have this opportunity?但有多少孩子没有这种机会？It's nice to say the success story of one guy讲一个成功者的故事当然很好How many people are stuck in the small town但有多少人被局限在小村庄with uninspired teachers, violent classmates只有无法鼓励他们的老师和暴力的同学and no hope on the horizon眼前毫无希望In the past of couples of years I traveled extensively in many countries过去几年我到了很多国家many continents,schools, universities跨洲拜访了很多学校、大学fortune 500 companies全球500强的公司And I can tell you that my story actually is not my story我告诉你 其实刚刚说的不是我的故事It's maybe your story, or maybe your story它可能是你的故事It's story of thousands of people that I spoke to individually是上千位听我演讲的人的故事They came up to me and said这些听众跑过来跟我说I have the same thing我也有同样的遭遇Thank you谢谢你And theses are just the ones I spoke to in person而这些只是来听过我演讲的人It's probably millions of people全球可能有几百万人or hundred of millions people. Who knows?甚至几千万人 都有同样的遭遇This is a tragedy, right?这是场悲剧Why is this happening?那为什么这会发生？And many people ask the question很多人问 面对充满不确定性的未来Are we preparing children for the uncertain future that lies ahead?我们替孩子准备好了吗？But before we can answer this question,不过回答这个问题前I think we first must address two very important issues.首先有两个非常重要的议题要探讨The first is do we even know what we are looking for?第一是 我们真的知道我们要什么吗？What's the purpose.教育的目的What is education for?应该是什么？Because if we don't agree what education is for因为如果我们对教育的目的没有共识then we can never say we're doing a good or a poor job那我们就不能说 目前的教育方式是对是错I am going to tell you what education was for.让我来告诉你教育原本的目的是什么Education was created for making factory workers教育原本是为了培养工厂的劳工See at the end of 18th century. industrialization has the problem工业在十八世纪末面临一个问题They really had a hard time convincing people to leave the open fields and come to work at a factory他们找不到人愿意到工厂上班with dark rooms,10~12 hour a day, 10 ~12 hours a day,工厂里都是乌漆妈黑的房间repeating the same monotonous还要每天重复10到12小时乏味的工作mindless task over and over, obeying every order不需思考 只需一直做一直做without ever questioning anything and never complain about it.听从命令 不能抱怨或质疑I mean you can see why they had trouble finding volunteers.你就知道为什么工厂找不到人了I'm sure you have seen the historical reenactment by Mr.Chaplin透过卓别林的影片 大家能了解工业革命时期的困状So they created something called public educations所以公立教育才成立and placed you at where you are strictly separated by a year公立教育用年龄把人区分where you have to follow orders在那里必须遵守命令never question authority and do just what you're told.绝不可以挑战权威 叫你做一就做一sit down and shut up until you're told otherwise坐下与闭嘴 除非叫你做别的just obey orders.完全服从命令we spent the first three years of our lives我们在生命中的头三年学习走路 讲话learning how to walk and talk, kind of useful skills I would say或者说所谓「有用」的技能and for the rest we're told sit down and shut up.之后我们只能坐下与闭嘴and yeah that sounds like a great idea这听起来实在是个很好的主意I'm gonna do that.我很乐意这样做just follow as exactly as instructed, never question authority只需要遵守指示 绝不挑战权威I remember in the elementary school我记得小学的时候one day the teacher told us有一次老师跟我们说now children,whatever I ask孩子们 现在不管我问什么I want all you to answer at once你们都要一起讲答案understood? ok懂了吗？好So how much is six times four?6乘以4等于多少and we all said, at once!然后我们就回答：答案！See for the purpose that we set out for two hundred years ago如果我们追求的是两百多年前的教育目标the education system is doing fine.那现在的教育体系算是很好了In fact, it's working perfectly没错 目前的方式很适合creating obedient workers创造乖顺的劳工The trouble is但问题是This approach is no longer useful这种方式已经不适用了It was never humane to begin with这一开始就不人性化but it was economically advantageous.只是为了帮助当时的经济And now, it's neither.可是现在 连经济都帮不了So are we preparing children for the uncertain future that lies ahead?所以目前的教育体系 能教导孩子如何面对未来吗？The second problem is this:第二个议题是no matter the supposed expert would like to tell you无论那些所谓的「专家」告诉你什么Believe me, there are many of them,我相信有很多,但事实上nobody really knows what the future is going to look like five years from now没有人知道五年后会变成怎样and let alone ten or twenty years which is when a child who's now in kindergarten更别说十年二十年will graduate and will have to find a job.在幼儿园的孩子 二十年后会毕业找工作What about the rest?What about the hundreds of millions of people更别提上亿正在工作的人who are working today and who could be out of a job未来五年十年 甚至二十年 可能失业because they are displaced by robotics and artificial intelligence five, ten or twenty years from now因为他们会遭机器人和人工智能取代I hear that some guy wrote a book about that我听过有人写了一本书about robots will stealing your job.叫机器人会来偷走你的工作you can read for free at the PirateBay你可以在海盗湾(档案分享网站)上免费看到It's illegal. It's creative commons open knowledge.去海盗湾下载是违法的 不过这本书有共创(CC)授权条款So we only know one thing for certain总而言之 我们只确定一件事that the only constant is change.只有「改变」是永恒不变的After all, Entropy is not what used to be毕竟熵的意义和以前也不一样Change will always come改变总会到来and most likely at an increasing pace而且极可能会越来越快With this in mind知道这个观念后I think we must do three things.我认为我们必须做三件事The first, we must prepare to accept change in stead of fighting it首先 我们必须接受改变 而不是抗拒它I've been afraid of changes many times我以前很常畏惧改变I didn't want to change school, I didn't want to change jobs我不想换学校和工作Let me tell you告诉你whenever I was afraid to do something当我害怕做某件事时I didn't want to change我都不想改变Those are by far the most depressing moments of my life然而那些时候却是我人生中最低潮的时刻Being afraid is not nice害怕改变并不好It's paralyzing它使人无法向前Because when you are afraid, you're afraid to fail因为你害怕 就意味着你害怕失败You're afraid that yeah, I would not make it to that school你害怕没进那所学校I would not win the scholarship害怕不能得到奖学金I would not be able to change up and find something else.害怕我不能够找到更好的方案You know. They were right. I was stupid他们是对的 我不够聪明I couldn't learn. I couldn't learn lalalalaal我学不会 我学不会 等等等等等等It's a downward spiral.就像无底洞一样We live in a society that stigmatizes mistakes.我们这个社会把错误污名化We've been living in where failure is not an option我们认为失败不能是个选项And that we should play safe因此我们总是寻求安全的路Study something that will get you a safe job读热门科系 才能找到工作Work for a big company, look for stability进大企业工作以寻求稳定But you see, in the future of great uncertainty但是我们都知道 未来充满不确定性Stability is the illusion of the unimaginative.稳定根本是假象lifelong. I think we must move away from the idea that teaching is for adults, and learning is for kids.第二点是终身学习 我们打破「成年人就是教导，小孩就是学习」思维Learning is a lifelong experience.学习该是终身And anybody can be a mentor,而且任何人都能是心灵导师a teacher, or a friend to someone else.是传授知识的老师、朋友Or a guide.或者是指导者In our strictly individualistic society,在这个极度个人主义的社会our personal success is imperative个人的成就成了必要So we have standardized tests所以我们有标准化的考试we try to get the best grades我们试图考最高分at the best school进最好的学校so we can get to the best university才可以考取到最好的大学and then we can get to best job and outcompete everyone else and be successful.争取到最好的工作 并打败他人取得成功But in a collaborative society但在一个合作的社会your accomplishments. An accomplished individual is one that contribute the most成功的人应该是贡献最多的人both of their personal development as well as that of their fellow human beings.包括个人成就和对群体的成就When I was at school I remember that我记得我在学校的时候the way I learned best was not when the teacher was talking最好的学习方式 并不是老师在说教的时候was when one of my classmates would come up to me and say而是我同学过来问我说hey how? this is how you do it ?你是怎么做到的？Like in five minutes we would solve something that in 2 hours of lesson that nobody understood我们在五分钟内 解决了两个小时的课堂上没人懂的问题and I thought why can't we just get to that我想我们为何不像这样Those 5 minutes of peer learning用五分钟 透过同侪间的学习方式学习and when I was teaching someone else当我在教别人时I was really testing my ability of understanding and reciprocating that我也在考验我的理解程度以及表达能力And also it was much more fun and engaging而且教人真的很好玩It was rewarding to be able to teach to someone教别人的时候你可以看见you can see in their eyes like there've been going like tho sfor 2 hours他们为了这个问题搞了两个钟头and you teach them in two minutes你两分钟就把他们教会and their eyes go like他们的眼睛会像这样yeah! I get it哇！我懂了！It's fun, right?很好玩不是吗？And we need time to experiment我们必须花时间去实验to make mistakes, to teach yourself, to teach others去犯错、教别人、也教自己maybe with interesting problems也许可以透过很有趣的问题not, here's the vacuum. Imagine this idealized而不是 这是真空环境 假设...no no no, real life problems不不不 一定要真实的课题Problems that have many solutions问题可能有很多解决之道maybe no optimal solutions也许没有最理想的解法maybe no one know what the answer is或者说不定根本没人知道答案maybe there are no answers. Who knows?甚至根本没有答案 谁知道呢？Fun and challenging problems当你试着探索and the process of discovery just like they were saying有趣且具挑战的问题"starve them, not stuff them."就像之前的讲者说的The speaker before me.「让他们渴望知识 而不是塞知识给他们」It's exactly right非常有道理Discovery. Learning is a process that happens when you're interested and engaged.好的学习过程 是会让人很快乐以及非常投入的Not when you're receiving一直接收讯息并不代表学习This way, you foster an innate curiosity透过好的学习方式 会激起that is inside all of us.内心与生俱来的好奇心And finally I think we must develop a stronger culture of grit最后 我认为我们必须培养一个有毅力的文化Grit means passion. It means perseverance. It means never giving up.毅力的意思是热忱、持续力、永不放弃The determination这种决心So many people see my success story很多人看了我成功的故事and they wonder what's different about me他们好奇我有什么不一样Am I special? no我很特别吗？不是Do I come from a rich family? No我家很有钱吗？也不是Am I some sort of genius? Nonsense, my teacher said that I was too stupid too learn我是天才吗？当然不是！我的老师说我笨到无法学习So what's different? It's very simple那到底哪里不一样？很简单I had somebody who believe in me有人相信我And I never gave up. That's it而且我从不放弃.就这样Studies has shown that intelligence, talent研究显示智力、才华和社会地位and social status have very little correlation with your long term success in life跟你长期的成功没有太大的关联So if you can find the person如果你能够找到If you can find somebody who believes in you相信你的人Somebody who can look at you in the eye这位可直视你的眼睛and tell you that you're not stupid告诉你你不笨you're not crazy. go for it你并不疯狂,去做吧THAT changes everything, everything那会改变所有一切,完全改变My drive has always been to fix stuff.我很喜欢修理东西and whenever I saw something I want to be there to fix it, or make it better我看到任何东西都想修理它 让他变好一点or finding it get more optimal resolutions.或者帮它找到比较理想的办法whenever I saw a toy or a desk and bicycle无论是玩具、书桌或脚踏车or the school or politics in Italy.无论是意大利的学校还是政治I want to fix everything无论是什么didn't matter what it was我都想修理couldn't help it没办法and when I was twelve I saw this thing, this computer我十二岁的时候我看到计算机which I could program myself发现可以写程序and it will do stuff for me来帮我做事and I was like holy cow我那时觉得天呀！this is amazing这太神奇了Seriously, I didn't have any money我根本没钱I didn't have any resources, I don't have any budget没有资源或预算But suddenly, I could solve humongous problems但突然间这么庞杂的问题that used to required thousands of people以前需要很多人去解决just by myself竟然我自己就可以搞定the only thing I needed was而我只需要的只是决心determination, passion, interest, and patience. lots of patience.热忱、兴趣、以及许多许多的耐心but then接着when I found a community of activists, of hackers, of makers我看到社会运动的份子 甚至黑客people who challenge me, people who inspire me他们挑战我、激励我everything got so much better, so much faster, so much quicker所有的东西都变得更好、更快and so much more interesting and engaging.而且更有趣It increased my range, in orders of magnitude拓展我的视野and we need to foster our creativity.我们需要激发的创造力I think that has a lot to do with mentorship而我认为这与心灵导师有很大的关系with guidance协助指引First I had my parents who believed in me一开始我有父母相信我And then, my school, the college接下来是学校和大学and then countless other people to which以及许多人I owe everything我欠这些人everything that I am now我现在拥有的一切there are many people here on the stage你可以看见you can see them好多人在这舞台上not crazy, I don't really see them我还没疯 当然这些人不是真的在我身旁but you know what I mean不过你懂我的意思I am standing on their shoulders我站在这些巨人的肩膀上If it hadn't been for them, I would not be here now若非他们 我今天不会站在这talking to you和你们讲话and technology is now making this process easier, more skills available than ever.而科技让资源变得比以前更容易取得Because your mentor doesn't have to be in the same village, doesn't have to be in the same town你的心灵导师不必和你来自同一个城镇or even the same country不必来自同一个国家doesn't even have to speak the same language甚至不需要说同一种语言we can't forget that only 6% of the world speak English natively别忘了世界上以英语为母语的人只有6%and 73% of the world doesn't understand any English还有73%的人一点英文都不懂But now technology is taking down all these barriers.今日的科技打破了这些藩篱For the first time in human history这是人类史上第一次we have the technological tools to bring about a revolution in education可以利用科技革命教育But it won't come by itself但革命不会自己发生We need people too革命需要人来推动and also we need the right mindset也需要对的心态So that's my project, esplori这是我的计划 叫EsploriImagine if the sum of human knowledge were available to everyone, on earth,想想如果任何人 无论他在哪、说哪种语言anywhere on earth, to everyone in any language on video都可以取得所有的知识and imagine you could be a farmer in India想象你是印度的农夫or a hacker in Taiwan或是台湾的计算机鬼才or a solar engineer in Ecuador或是厄瓜多的太阳能工程师Imagine if you can teach your skill to anybody想想你可以把你的技能 传授给世上任何人regardless where they are, or what language they speak无论他们在哪 说什么话or how rich they are甚至有没有钱wouldn't it be great?不是很棒吗？But better yet, what if you can be a guide若是你能够成为一个指引what if you could be a mentor一位心灵导师to someone who hasn't figured out yet what they want to do帮助那些尚未清楚他们要什么的人whenever I travel, I see thousands and thousands of young people每次到世界各地 我都会碰动好多好多年轻人kids who tell me that I don't know what to do甚至小孩 跟我说他不知道要做什么but I need to decide my university and my parents are telling me this and my job and blalalalala但现在得决定大学该去哪 该从是什么 我爸妈又要我做什么什么They don't have the time to think, to experiment他们没时间去思考 去尝试They don't have any guidance他们没有人引导他们What if we could use technology to make that happen easily如果我们能透过科技 更容易引导他们Imagine a strong community of dedicated individuals一群愿意奉献的人who want to help each other互相帮助who are solving challenging and fun problems解决具挑战性却有趣的问题everything that I have talked about until now in this 13 minutes刚刚这十三分钟内讲的话Everything that I've learned in my life我过去所学的everything that I am我现在的一切is right here in this project都在这个计划里so this is it所以该这么说It's my mission, my passion.这是我的任务、热忱It's my drive.我的动力It's what keeps me awake at night at 3 a.m and happy to do it这是让我凌晨三点还醒着做 但非常快乐的东西and with your help借着各位的帮助I think we can make it.我们可以成功So that's my part所以呢and since this is a conference about education既然这是关于教育的演讲here's your homework在此给大家一个回家作业If you can inspire somebody如果你可以激励一个人to follow their passion促使他跟着他的热忱走If you can give them a chance如果你有机会and make them feel special让他明白自己是非凡的人I can tell you. In fact, I can guarantee you我以我亲身经历from personal experience向你保证You will have saved a life.你可以拯救他的人生So off you go所以各位去吧！save a life去拯救他的人生 长按识别二维码可关注该微信公众平台经典回顾死亡人数破20万！白宫发言人：没死200万，说明政府行动果断 【人生必看微电影】盖章，Youtube最感人爆红短片 珍贵影像！清朝德龄公主美国演讲，现在听来还是很应景…… 超越极限，人生并没有什么不可能！ 英国学者用27分钟把中美关系讲透了秋分雄鹰美国人骨子里认为自己天下第一，但事实是…… 勿忘国耻！铭记九一八 这就是中国！火遍了全球……THIS IS CHINA 4分钟短片刷爆朋友圈，泪点低者慎入！