富兰克林罗斯福总统就职演说(1933)

Love English 2 2022-12-23

富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福（Franklin Delano Roosevelt），（1882年1月30日—1945年4月12日），简称为FDR，华人将其称为“小罗斯福”，美国第32任总统，美国历史上首位连任四届（病逝于第四届任期中）的总统。

在1930年代经济大萧条期间，罗斯福推行新政以提供失业救济与复苏经济，并成立众多机构来改革经济和银行体系，从经济危机的深渊中挽救了美国，他所发起的一些计划仍继续在国家的商贸中扮演重要角色。除此之外，在其任内设立的一些制度仍然保留至今。罗斯福曾促成了政党重组，他与其妻安娜·埃莉诺·罗斯福是美国现代自由主义的典范。

President Hoover, Mr. Chief Justice, my friends:

This is a day of national consecration. And I am certain that on this day my fellow Americans expect that on my induction into the Presidency, I will address them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our people impels.

今天是全国献祭日。我确信，在这一天，我的美国同胞们期待着，在我就任总统时，我将以我国人民目前的状况所促使的坦率和决定向他们发表讲话。

This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly. Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today. This great Nation will endure, as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.

现在正是坦率而大胆地说出真相、全部真相的时候。我们也不需要畏缩，不诚实地面对我们国家今天的状况。这个伟大的国家将继续下去，正如它所经历的那样，将复兴和繁荣。

So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself -- nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. In every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankness and of vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves which is essential to victory. And I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days.

因此，首先，让我重申我的坚定信念：我们唯一要害怕的就是恐惧本身——无名的、毫无道理的、毫无道理的恐惧，它使我们把退却变为前进所需的努力陷于瘫痪。在我们国家生活的每一个黑暗时刻，一个坦率而充满活力的领导人都得到了人民本身的理解和支持，这对胜利是必不可少的。我相信，在这些关键的日子里，你们将再次向领导层提供这种支持。

In such a spirit on my part and on yours we face our common difficulties. They concern, thank God, only material things. Values have shrunk to fantastic levels; taxes have risen; our ability to pay has fallen; government of all kinds is faced by serious curtailment of income; the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce; and the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone. More important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equally great number toil with little return. Only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment.

我和你们都怀着这样的精神，面对共同的困难。感谢上帝，他们只关心物质上的东西。价值缩水到了惊人的水平；税收增加了；我们的支付能力下降了；各种政府面临着收入的严重缩减；交换手段被冻结在贸易的洪流中；工业企业的枯叶遍布四面八方；农民的农产品找不到市场；千家万户多年的积蓄都没有了。更重要的是，大量失业的公民面临着严峻的生存问题，同样多的人辛辛苦苦却得不到什么回报。只有愚蠢的乐观主义者才能否认当下的黑暗现实。

And yet our distress comes from no failure of substance. We are stricken by no plague of locusts. Compared with the perils which our forefathers conquered, because they believed and were not afraid, we have still much to be thankful for. Nature still offers her bounty and human efforts have multiplied it. Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply.

然而，我们的痛苦并非来自物质的失败。我们没有遭受蝗灾。与我们的先辈因信而不怕而战胜的危险相比，我们还有许多值得感谢的。大自然仍然给予她慷慨，人类的努力使之成倍增长。我们家门口有很多东西，但大量使用这些东西在供应的眼前就显得苍白无力了。

Primarily, this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind's goods have failed, through their own stubbornness and their own incompetence, have admitted their failure, and have abdicated. Practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men.

这主要是因为人类货物交换的统治者失败了，因为他们自己的顽固和无能，承认了他们的失败，并且退位了。无良货币兑换商的行为在舆论法庭上受到起诉，受到人们的反对。

True, they have tried. But their efforts have been cast in the pattern of an outworn tradition. Faced by failure of credit, they have proposed only the lending of more money. Stripped of the lure of profit by which to induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortations, pleading tearfully for restored confidence. They only know the rules of a generation of self-seekers. They have no vision, and when there is no vision the people perish.

是的，他们试过了。但他们的努力是按照一种过时的传统模式进行的。面对信贷的失败，他们只建议多贷款。他们不受利益的诱惑，诱使我们的人民追随他们的错误领导，而是诉诸劝诫，含泪恳求恢复信心。他们只知道一代自私自利者的规矩。他们没有异象，没有异象，百姓就灭亡。

Yes, the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization. We may now restore that temple to the ancient truths. The measure of that restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social values more noble than mere monetary profit.

Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort. The joy, the moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten in the mad chase of evanescent profits. These dark days, my friends, will be worth all they cost us if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered unto but to minister to ourselves, to our fellow men.

Recognition of that falsity of material wealth as the standard of success goes hand in hand with the abandonment of the false belief that public office and high political position are to be valued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profit; and there must be an end to a conduct in banking and in business which too often has given to a sacred trust the likeness of callous and selfish wrongdoing. Small wonder that confidence languishes, for it thrives only on honesty, on honor, on the sacredness of obligations, on faithful protection, and on unselfish performance; without them it cannot live.

Restoration calls, however, not for changes in ethics alone. This Nation is asking for action, and action now.

Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously. It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the Government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing great -- greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our great natural resources.

Hand in hand with that we must frankly recognize the overbalance of population in our industrial centers and, by engaging on a national scale in a redistribution, endeavor to provide a better use of the land for those best fitted for the land.

Yes, the task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the values of agricultural products, and with this the power to purchase the output of our cities. It can be helped by preventing realistically the tragedy of the growing loss through foreclosure of our small homes and our farms. It can be helped by insistence that the Federal, the State, and the local governments act forthwith on the demand that their cost be drastically reduced. It can be helped by the unifying of relief activities which today are often scattered, uneconomical, unequal. It can be helped by national planning for and supervision of all forms of transportation and of communications and other utilities that have a definitely public character. There are many ways in which it can be helped, but it can never be helped by merely talking about it.

是的，这项任务可以通过一定的努力来帮助提高农产品的价值，并以此来购买我们城市的产出。它可以帮助防止现实的悲剧，不断增长的损失，通过取消我们的小房子和农场的抵押品赎回权。坚持联邦政府、州政府和地方政府立即采取行动，要求大幅度降低成本，这有助于实现这一目标。今天往往分散、不经济、不平等的救济活动可以统一起来。国家对各种形式的交通、通讯和其他具有明确公共性质的公用事业的规划和监督有助于实现这一目标。有很多方法可以帮助它，但是仅仅谈论它永远不会有帮助。

We must act. We must act quickly.

And finally, in our progress towards a resumption of work, we require two safeguards against a return of the evils of the old order. There must be a strict supervision of all banking and credits and investments. There must be an end to speculation with other people's money. And there must be provision for an adequate but sound currency.

These, my friends, are the lines of attack. I shall presently urge upon a new Congress in special session detailed measures for their fulfillment, and I shall seek the immediate assistance of the 48 States.

Through this program of action we address ourselves to putting our own national house in order and making income balance outgo. Our international trade relations, though vastly important, are in point of time, and necessity, secondary to the establishment of a sound national economy. I favor, as a practical policy, the putting of first things first. I shall spare no effort to restore world trade by international economic readjustment; but the emergency at home cannot wait on that accomplishment.

通过这项行动计划，我们致力于整顿我们自己的国家，使收入平衡。我们的国际贸易关系虽然极为重要，但在时间和必要性上，仅次于建立健全的国民经济。作为一项切实可行的政策，我赞成把第一件事放在首位。我将不遗余力地通过国际经济调整来恢复世界贸易；但国内的紧急情况不能等待这一成就。

The basic thought that guides these specific means of national recovery is not nationally -- narrowly nationalistic. It is the insistence, as a first consideration, upon the interdependence of the various elements in and parts of the United States of America -- a recognition of the old and permanently important manifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer. It is the way to recovery. It is the immediate way. It is the strongest assurance that recovery will endure.

In the field of world policy, I would dedicate this Nation to the policy of the good neighbor: the neighbor who resolutely respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights of others; the neighbor who respects his obligations and respects the sanctity of his agreements in and with a world of neighbors.

If I read the temper of our people correctly, we now realize, as we have never realized before, our interdependence on each other; that we can not merely take, but we must give as well; that if we are to go forward, we must move as a trained and loyal army willing to sacrifice for the good of a common discipline, because without such discipline no progress can be made, no leadership becomes effective.

We are, I know, ready and willing to submit our lives and our property to such discipline, because it makes possible a leadership which aims at the larger good. This, I propose to offer, pledging that the larger purposes will bind upon us, bind upon us all as a sacred obligation with a unity of duty hitherto evoked only in times of armed strife.

With this pledge taken, I assume unhesitatingly the leadership of this great army of our people dedicated to a disciplined attack upon our common problems.

Action in this image, action to this end is feasible under the form of government which we have inherited from our ancestors. Our Constitution is so simple, so practical that it is possible always to meet extraordinary needs by changes in emphasis and arrangement without loss of essential form. That is why our constitutional system has proved itself the most superbly enduring political mechanism the modern world has ever seen.

It has met every stress of vast expansion of territory, of foreign wars, of bitter internal strife, of world relations. And it is to be hoped that the normal balance of executive and legislative authority may be wholly equal, wholly adequate to meet the unprecedented task before us. But it may be that an unprecedented demand and need for undelayed action may call for temporary departure from that normal balance of public procedure.

它已经承受了领土扩张、对外战争、国内纷争和世界关系的种种压力。希望行政和立法权力的正常平衡可能是完全平等的，完全足以应付我们面前前所未有的任务。但是，对不拖延行动的前所未有的要求和需要可能要求暂时脱离公共程序的正常平衡。

I am prepared under my constitutional duty to recommend the measures that a stricken nation in the midst of a stricken world may require. These measures, or such other measures as the Congress may build out of its experience and wisdom, I shall seek, within my constitutional authority, to bring to speedy adoption.

But, in the event that the Congress shall fail to take one of these two courses, in the event that the national emergency is still critical, I shall not evade the clear course of duty that will then confront me. I shall ask the Congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis -- broad Executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe.

For the trust reposed in me, I will return the courage and the devotion that befit the time. I can do no less.

We face the arduous days that lie before us in the warm courage of national unity; with the clear consciousness of seeking old and precious moral values; with the clean satisfaction that comes from the stern performance of duty by old and young alike. We aim at the assurance of a rounded, a permanent national life.

We do not distrust the -- the future of essential democracy. The people of the United States have not failed. In their need they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action. They have asked for discipline and direction under leadership. They have made me the present instrument of their wishes. In the spirit of the gift I take it.

In this dedication -- In this dedication of a Nation, we humbly ask the blessing of God.

May He protect each and every one of us.

May He guide me in the days to come.

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