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《新概念英语》第四册 Lesson 3 Matterhorn man

Love English 2 2022-12-23

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Lesson 3 Matterhorn man

First listen and then answer the following question.
What was the main objective of early mountain climbers?

Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it and never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner with would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal -- the top!

It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine village tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could -- sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have very hard indeed.

WALTER UNSWORTH Matterhorn Man 
 
New words and expressions

生词和短语 

Matterhorn ['mætəhɔ:n] n.  马特霍恩峰(阿尔卑斯山之一,在意大利和瑞士边境)
alpinist  [ˈælpɪnɪst]  n.  登山运动员  
alpinism  n. 登山运动
pioneer  v.  开辟,倡导;n.  先锋,开辟者
summit  n.  顶峰
attain  v.  到达
perilous  [ˈperələs]  adj. 危险的

peril 危险 + ous形容词后缀 → 危险的

peril [ˈperəl]  n.危险;严重危险;祸害;险情  vt.置…于危险中;危及
per 通过;尝试 + il → 尝试 → 冒险
...a perilous journey across the war-zone...
横穿交战区的危险之旅
shudder  [ˈʃʌdər]  v.  不寒而栗
Just thinking about the accident makes me shudder.
只要一想起那场事故,我就发抖。
court  [kɔːrt]  v.  追求
co 强调 + urt 庭院 →  原指王室宫廷,后词义外延不断扩大
He has never courted popularity.
他从不追求名望。
solitary  [ˈsɑːləteri]  adj. 唯一的
sol 单独 + it 走 + ary 名词或形容词后缀 → 一个人走 → 孤独的
She enjoys long solitary walks.
她喜欢独自长距离散步。
There was not a solitary shred of evidence (= none at all) .
一丁点证据都没有。
impoverish [ɪmˈpɑːvərɪʃ]  v.  使贫困
im 进入 + pover 贫困 + ish 动词后缀 → 使贫穷
These changes are likely to impoverish single-parent families even further.
这些变革很可能使单亲家庭更加贫困。
Alpine [ˈælpaɪn]  adj. 阿尔卑斯山的
flea-ridden  [fliː ˈrɪdn] adj. 布满跳蚤的
Such inns as there were generally dirty and flea-ridden; 
那里的小客栈一般都很脏,而且跳蚤猖獗。
coarse  [kɔːrs] adj. 粗劣的
来自course的拼写变体,原指常规的,普通的,后来词义贬义化。
...a jacket made of very coarse cloth.
粗布制成的夹克
boast [boʊst]  v.  自恃有
boast发音释义:[bəʊst] vt. 夸口说,自吹自擂说;以有…而自豪;拥有(值得骄傲的东西)vi. 自吹自擂n. 自夸;值得夸耀的事物,引以为荣的事物
词源解释:boast←诺曼时期的英式法语bost(卖弄)←原始日耳曼语bausia(吹、使膨胀)
boast和brag都含有“自夸”的意思,区别在于:boast的初始含义是“膨胀”,表示因为自豪而膨胀,强调“以有…而自豪”、“炫耀”,有时候表示“拥有(值得骄傲的东西)”而不是“炫耀”;而brag的初始含义是“发出很大的声音”,引申为“大吹大擂”。
 I don't want to boast, but I can actually speak six languages.
不是我吹嘘,我确实能讲六种语言。
parishioner  [pəˈrɪʃənər]  n.  教区居民
parish 教区
All parishioners and their children are welcome to participate. 
欢迎各位教友携同子女亲友参加。
shepherd  [ˈʃepərd]  n.  牧羊人
sheep + herd 牧人 → 牧羊人
Every summer the shepherds drive the sheep up to pasture 
每年夏天牧羊人都将羊群赶到牧场去。
linen  [ˈlɪnɪn]  n.  亚麻布床单
The worker is starching the linen. 
这名工人正在给亚麻布上浆。
the Alps [ælps]  n.  阿尔卑斯山脉
 

参考译文 

现代登山运动员总想找一条能够给他们带来运动乐趣的路线来攀登山峰。他们认为, 道路愈艰险愈带劲儿。然而,在登山运动的初期,全然不是这种情况。早期登山者所寻找的是通往山顶的最方便的途径,因为顶峰特别是前人未曾到过的顶峰 -- 才是他们寻求的目标。确实,在探险中他们经常遇到惊心动魄的困难和危险,而他们装备之简陋足以使现代登山者一想起来就胆战心惊。但是,他们并非故意寻求这种刺激,他们只有一个目标,唯一的目标 -- 顶峰!

我们今天很难想像昔日的登山先驱们是多么艰苦。除了泽曼特和夏蒙尼等一两个很快出了名的地方外,阿尔卑斯山山区的小村几乎全是高山环抱、与世隔绝的穷乡僻壤。那里的小客栈一般都很肮脏,而且跳蚤猖獗。食物是当地的干酪和通常存放了一年之久的面包,人们就着劣酒吞下这种食物。山谷里常常没有小客栈,登山者只好随遇而安。有时同当地牧师 (他通常和他的教民一样穷)住在一起,有时同牧羊人或制乳酪的人住在一起。无论住在哪儿,情况都一样:肮脏、贫穷,极其不舒适。对于过惯了一顿饭吃7道菜、睡亚麻细布床单的人来说,变换一下生活环境来到阿尔卑斯山山区,那一定是很艰难的。


往期回顾

《新概念英语》第一册全集

《新概念英语》第二册全集

《新概念英语》第三册全集

Lesson 1 Finding fossil man

Lesson 2 Spare that spider

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