【TED】压力会造成青春痘吗？
She's only a few feet away.
她就在不远处。
The closer he gets, the more nervous he becomes, the budding zit on his nose growing bigger and bigger until it practically eclipses his face.
他越走近越紧张，鼻子上才刚长出来的青春痘慢慢变大，大到几乎要遮住整个脸。
She looks at him hovering nearby, sees the massive zit, and giggles.
女孩看到徘徊的男孩，然后看到他脸上的大痘痘，笑了。
He slumps away, feeling sick.
男孩低着头失望地走了。
Stress can sure make a mess, and it happens to both teens and adults.
压力的确能让青少年和成人变得一团糟。
But how does it happen?
但到底是为什么呢？
Let's rewind to before the zit, to before Justin even sees his crush.
我们倒带一下，回到贾斯汀看见梦中情人之前。
Already late for school, Justin got to class just in time to hear the teacher say "pop quiz."
上学已经迟到了，贾斯汀刚进教室就听到要小考。
He hadn't done his homework the night before, and felt more unprepared than the ambushed World War II soldiers he was supposed to write about.
因为昨天没做作业，这让贾斯汀比他本该要写的二战突击兵作业更紧张。
A sudden rush of panic swept over his body, leaving him with sweaty palms, a foggy mind and a racing heart.
一股惶恐袭来，他手冒冷汗、心跳加速、不知所措。
He stumbled out of class in a daze, and ran straight into his all-time crush, spiking up his stress.
他仓皇离开教室，撞到了他的梦中情人，这让他感到更加紧张。
Stress is a general biological response to a potential danger.
压力是对潜在危险产生的一种生物反应。
In primitive caveman terms, stress can make you fight for your life, or run for your life, if, for example, you're confronted by a hungry saber-tooth tiger.
以原始人为例，如果遇到饥饿的剑齿虎，压力会让你杀出生路或逃命。
Special chemicals called stress hormones run through your body, giving you more oxygen and power to run away from danger or to face it and fight for your life, hence the term "fight or flight."
被称作压力荷尔蒙的特殊化学物质流窜全身，给你更多的氧气和力量以逃离危险，或是面对并为生存而战，所以被称为“面对或逃离反应”。
But when you don't fight, or take flight, you face the plight.
如果你不逃也不战，你就会大难临头。
When we're taking final exams, sitting in traffic or pondering pollution, we internalize stress.
在期末考时，堵在车流中或思考环境污染时，都会让我们隐约感到压力。
It all begins in the brain.
而一切都从大脑开始。
The hypothalamus, the master controller of your hormones, releases something called corticotropin-releasing hormone.
下视丘是控制荷尔蒙的主宰，它会释放一种叫“促肾上腺皮质释放素”的物质。
This triggers the pituitary gland, a pea-sized gland found at the base of the brain, to release adrenocorticotropic hormone which then stimulates the adrenal gland sitting on top of the kidneys to release cortisol, the major stress hormone.
这会促进脑下垂体——这个你脑部深处豌豆般大的腺体释放促肾上腺皮质素，让它刺激肾脏上方的肾上腺，释放主要的压力荷尔蒙：肾上腺皮质醇。
These natural chemicals are a great help when you need to run away quickly, or do superhuman feats of courage, but when you're simply sitting, these stress hormones collect in the body and affect your overall health.
这种天然化合物可以让你跑得更快或激发出超人般的勇气，但你若不为所动，荷尔蒙累积的结果会影响健康。
Stress hormones increase inflammation in the body, suppress the immune system, which makes you more susceptible to infection by acne-causing bacteria, and can even increase oil production in the skin.
压力荷尔蒙促进发炎反应压抑免疫系统，这让你更容易受到造成粉刺的细菌感染，也会增加皮肤油脂的分泌。
And this is the perfect storm for forming a pimple.
这些加起来就是产生青春痘的完美组合。
Cortisol is a major stress hormone involved in making skin cells churn out oily lipids from special glands called sebaceous glands.
肾上腺皮质醇让皮肤细胞从皮脂腺分泌油脂。
But when there's too much of these oily lipids, called sebum, they can plug up the swollen, inflamed pores and trap the pesky, acne-causing bacteria inside, where they set up house and thrive.
若是这些皮脂累积太多就会堵在分泌口造成肿胀发炎，并将讨厌的会造成粉刺的细菌包在里面，细菌就会在此繁衍。
Add a dash of inflammatory neuropeptides released by the nervous system when you're, well, nervous, and angry zits follow.
再加上你紧张时神经系统释放和发炎相关的神经肽，就会造成青春痘。
To make matters worse, Justin is a boy, meaning he's got more testosterone than girls.
雪上加霜的是，身为男性，贾斯汀的睾丸素比女生多。
Testosterone is another hormone that increases oil production in the skin.
睾丸素是另一种促进皮肤油脂分泌的荷尔蒙。
So, his already oily skin, together with a boost in oil and inflammation from stress, is the perfect environment for bacteria to swell, swell, swell up into a major zit.
所以他的皮肤本来就很油，再加上压力促进发炎反应和出油，就形成了细菌的温床并肿胀成一颗大痘痘。
So what could've Justin done to avoid the big pimple?
贾斯汀该如何避免长青春痘呢？
Stressful situations are unavoidable.
压力环境无可避免。
But we can try to change our responses so that we're not so stressed in the end.
但是我们可以改变心境让自己减少感受到的压力。
And had he been confident in approaching her, she might not have noticed the pimple, or he might not have had one.
而他若是自信地走向她，她可能就不会注意到他脸上的痘痘，或者他脸上根本不会长痘痘。