权威双语！《2021年美国侵犯人权报告》发布

Love English 2 2022-12-23

导读

2月28日，国新办发表《2021年美国侵犯人权报告》，对美国侵犯人权的状况进行揭露，以下为部分节选。

序言

FOREWORD

2021年，劣迹斑斑的美国人权状况进一步恶化。政治操弄导致新冠肺炎死亡病例激增，枪击事件致死人数再创新高，虚假民主践踏民众政治权利，暴力执法让移民难民的处境更加艰难，针对少数族裔特别是亚裔的歧视攻击愈演愈烈。与此同时，美国单边主义行径在全球制造了新的人道灾难。

The human rights situation in the United States, which has notorious records, worsened in 2021. Political manipulation led to a sharp surge in COVID-19 deaths; Shooting deaths hit a new record; Fake democracy trampled on people's political rights; Violent law enforcement made life harder for migrants and refugees; Discrimination against ethnic minority groups, especially Asians, intensified. In the meantime, unilateral U.S. actions created new humanitarian crises across the globe.

一、操弄疫情防控付出惨痛代价
A HEAVY PRICE FOR U.S. EPIDEMIC PREVENTION AND CONTROL

▌漠视民众生命权和健康权

Disregard for people's rights to life and health.

自新冠肺炎疫情在美国暴发以来，疫情防控始终被高度政治化，成为共和党和民主党相互攻讦、否决、对抗的工具和筹码，政客只关注政治私利，却无视民众生命健康。

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in the United States, the epidemic prevention and control has been highly politicized, which has become a tool and a bargaining chip for Republicans and Democrats to attack, reject and confront each other. U.S. politicians focused only on their political gains in disregard of people's lives and health.

据美国疾病控制和预防中心网站发布的数据，截至2021年底，还有近30%的美国人尚未接种新冠疫苗。

By the end of 2021, nearly 30 percent of Americans still had not been vaccinated, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

南加州大学和普林斯顿大学的研究显示，新冠肺炎使美国人的平均预期寿命减少了1.13岁，这是自第二次世界大战以来的最大降幅。其中，非洲裔和拉美裔的平均预期寿命下降了2.1岁和3.05岁，相对而言，白人的平均预期寿命下降了0.68岁。

According to the analysis by researchers at the University of Southern California and Princeton University, the deaths caused by COVID-19 have reduced overall life expectancy by 1.13 years, the biggest drop since the Second World War. Life expectancy was estimated to fall by 2.10 years among African Americans and 3.05 years among Latinos, while the decline was 0.68 years among whites.

▌疫情失控导致民众心理健康恶化
People's mental health deteriorated due to the uncontrolled outbreak.

《柳叶刀－区域健康》（美洲）2021年10月在线发表的研究报告显示，新冠肺炎疫情暴发前，美国成年人出现抑郁症状的比例为8.5%，2020年疫情暴发初期上升至27.8%，2021年10月进一步上升至32.8%。

A study published in The Lancet Regional Health -- Americas in October 2021 found 32.8 percent of U.S. adults experienced "elevated depressive symptoms" in 2021, compared to 27.8 percent in the early 2020 months of the pandemic and 8.5 percent before the pandemic.

▌无家可归者数量触目惊心

The number of the homeless is staggering.

《华盛顿邮报》网站2021年12月7日报道，无家可归是美国面临的最大挑战之一，疫情期间这个问题已经席卷了大小城市。《纽约时报》网站2021年12月19日报道，旧金山每100名居民中就有一人无家可归。

The Washington Post reported on Dec. 7, 2021 that "homelessness is one of the United States' greatest current challenges, no matter the region." The New York Times reported on Dec. 19, 2021 that in San Francisco one of every 100 residents was homeless.

▌老年人生命权利遭到公然侵害
The elderly' rights to life are flagrantly violated.

美国疾病控制和预防中心数据显示，因新冠肺炎疫情死亡的大多数患者年龄在65岁以上。美国“即时医学新闻”网站2021年8月30日报道，截至2021年8月，美国死于新冠肺炎疫情的老年人已超过50万，占死亡总人数的五分之四。

The U.S. CDC said that the vast majority of U.S. COVID-19 deaths have been among people aged 65 or older. According to Stat News, an American health-oriented news website, more than half a million elderly people in the United States have died from COVID-19, accounting for four-fifths of all fatalities.

▌严重损害国际抗疫合作
Serious damage to the global anti-pandemic cooperation.

华盛顿极力奉行“美国优先”，不仅截留他国抗疫物资，而且禁止本国医疗物资出口，买断可能用于治疗新冠肺炎的药物产能。美国多次胁迫世卫组织，干扰拖累全球抗疫合作。

Washington vigorously pursues "America First," not only withholding anti-epidemic materials from other countries, but also prohibiting the export of domestic medical materials and buying out the production capacity of drugs that may be used to treat COVID-19 patients. The United States has repeatedly coerced the WHO, interfering and dragging down global anti-pandemic cooperation.

美国大搞“疫苗民族主义”，将一些不发达国家和地区推入“无苗可种”的绝望境地。

The United States has engaged in "vaccine nationalism," pushing some underdeveloped countries and regions into a desperate situation of having no vaccines to administer.

美国全国广播公司2021年9月1日报道，美国自2021年3月以来在半年内至少废弃了1500万剂新冠疫苗，浪费的疫苗剂量远远超出许多贫穷国家为其整个国家人口准备的疫苗。

Since March 2021, the United States has thrown away at least 15 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine, significantly more than many poor countries have prepared for their whole populations, according to NBC News on Sept. 1, 2021.

二、固守暴力思维威胁生命安全
ENTRENCHED VIOLENT THINKING THREATENS LIVES

▌社会治安恶化加速枪支泛滥
Deterioration of social order has accelerated the proliferation of guns.

美国是全世界私人拥有枪支最多的国家，民众对政府的社会治安治理丧失信心，极度缺乏安全感，大量购入枪支以自保。

The United States is the country with the largest number of privately owned guns in the world. The U.S. public have lost confidence in the government's social security governance and felt extremely insecure, which drives many to purchase guns to protect themselves.

▌枪支暴力严重危害民众生命安全
Gun violence seriously endangers people's lives.

美国是世界上枪支暴力最严重的国家。根据枪支暴力档案网站2022年1月5日发布的统计数据，美国枪击事件导致的死亡人数从2019年的39558人上升到2020年的43643人，2021年进一步上升到44816人。2021年共发生693起大规模枪击事件，比2020年增长10.1%。

The United States has the worst gun violence in the world. According to statistics released on Jan. 5, 2022 by the Gun Violence Archive website, the number of fatalities from shootings in the United States rose from 39,558 in 2019 to 43,643 in 2020, and further to 44,816 in 2021. In 2021, there were 693 mass shootings in the United States, up 10.1 percent from 2020.

《密尔沃基哨兵报》2021年10月5日报道，根据儿童保护基金会的数据，美国的儿童和青少年死于枪击的可能性比其他31个高收入国家的总和还要高15倍。

The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reported on Oct. 5, 2021 that children and teens in the United States are 15 times more likely to die from gunfire than their peers in 31 other high-income countries combined, quoting data from the Children's Defense Fund.

2021年8月1日至9月15日的开学季，美国校园至少发生了30起枪击事件，导致至少5人死亡、23人受伤，是有记录以来的最高值。2021年美国枪击事件共导致1229名12岁至17岁青少年死亡、3373人受伤。

At least 30 shootings occurred on U.S. campuses during the school season from Aug. 1 to Sept. 15, 2021, killing at least five people and injuring 23, the highest number on record.

A total of 1,229 teens aged 12 to 17 were killed and 3,373 injured in shootings in the United States in 2021.

▌警察暴力执法草菅人命
Police brutality tramples human life.

据“警察暴力地图”网站数据统计，2021年美国至少有1124人死于警察暴力，大部分人都是在非暴力犯罪或没有犯罪行为的情形下被警察杀害。

According to data compiled by Mapping Police Violence, at least 1,124 people died in 2021 due to U.S. police violence. The majority of killings occurred during non-violent offenses or when there was no crime at all.

《今日美国报》网站2021年6月21日报道，美国警察每年射杀约1000人。自2015年以来，警方已经射杀了6300多人，但只有91名警察因此被捕，仅占涉案人数的1%。

The USA TODAY website reported on June 21, 2021 that police in the United States fatally shoot about 1,000 people a year. Police have fatally shot more than 6,300 people since 2015, but only 91 officers have been arrested, or just 1 percent of those involved.

▌监狱工作人员侵犯人权屡见不鲜
Human rights violations by prison staff are commonplace.

美国是全世界监禁率最高和被监禁人数最多的国家。美联社一项调查发现，美国联邦监狱管理局是贪污、腐败和虐待的温床。

The United States has the highest incarceration rate and the highest number of incarcerated people in the world. An Associated Press investigation has found that the U.S. federal Bureau of Prisons is a hotbed of graft, corruption and abuse.

自2019年以来，已有100多名美国联邦监狱工作人员因涉嫌性虐待、谋杀等违法行为被逮捕、定罪。

Since 2019, more than 100 U.S. federal prison staff members have been arrested and convicted of sexual abuse, murder and other offenses.

▌司法系统公信力损毁殆尽
The credibility of the U.S. judicial system is in tatters.

据美国除罪释放登记机构2022年1月11日发布的统计数据，1989年以来美国已有2933人被错误定罪，合计错判的监禁刑期高达2.56万年。而美国有14个州缺乏对错案冤案进行赔偿的相关法律规定。

According to statistics released by the U.S. National Registry of Exoneration on Jan. 11, 2022, 2,933 people have been wrongly convicted in the United States since 1989, with a combined 25,600 years of wrongly imposed prison sentences. However, 14 U.S. states lack legal provisions related to compensation for wrongful convictions.

《今日美国报》网站2021年7月8日报道，调查显示，只有17%的美国人认为刑事司法系统能够公正对待所有人。

The USA Today website reported on July 8, 2021, that a survey showed that only 17 percent of Americans believe the U.S. criminal justice system treats everyone fairly.

三、玩弄虚假民主践踏政治权利
PLAYING WITH FAKE DEMOCRACY TRAMPLES ON POLITICAL RIGHTS

▌美式民主沦为利益输送游戏
The American-style democracy has descended to a game of transferring interests.

美国金钱政治愈演愈烈，政客日益罔顾民众利益诉求。麻省理工学院政治评论家与社会活动家诺姆·乔姆斯基表示，美国人对政策制定的影响力与他们的财富水平之间呈正相关性，约70%的美国人对政策制定没有任何影响，他们在收入水平、财富等方面处于劣势，相当于被剥夺了参政权利。

Money politics become increasingly rampant in the United States, which makes politicians more neglectful of people's interests and demands.

Noam Chomsky, a political commentator and social activist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has pointed out that there is a positive correlation between Americans' wealth and their influence on policy-making, and for about 70 percent on the income-wealth scale, they have no influence on policy whatsoever and are effectively disenfranchised.

马萨诸塞州大学教授贾拉拉贾在《大西洋》月刊发表文章称，美国目前的民主只是形式上的民主，而不是实质民主。总统选举的全国范围初选完全受富人、名人、媒体和利益集团的操纵，民众投票支持的总统参选人往往不真正代表民意。

Ray La Raja, professor at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, noted in an article for The Atlantic that America's current system is democratic only in form, not in substance, as the nominating process is vulnerable to manipulation by plutocrats, celebrities, media figures and activists, while many presidential-primary voters mistakenly back candidates who do not reflect their views.

▌政治极化导致社会愈益撕裂
Political polarization leads to an increasingly divided U.S. society.

美国的选举乱象使政治极化进一步加剧，社会持续撕裂动荡。美国社会在疫情防控、种族关系、堕胎权利、枪支管控等问题上日趋对立，民主、共和两党在基础设施建设、社会福利法案、政府债务上限等涉及经济民生立法方面的政治斗争更加激烈，国会几近失能。

The election chaos in the United States has further intensified political polarization and continues to tear the society apart.

The American people are becoming more incompatible with each other over such issues as pandemic prevention and control, race relations, abortion rights and gun control, while the political struggle between Democrats and Republicans over infrastructure construction, social welfare bills, government debt ceiling and other legislation related to the economy and people's livelihood have become more intense, and the Congress has been nearly dysfunctional.

皮尤研究中心网站2021年10月13日报道，对17个发达经济体进行的调查结果显示，美国被视为政治极化最严重的国家，90%的美国受访者认为不同党派的支持者之间存在严重分歧，近六成美国受访者认为民众不仅在政策领域意见相左，在基本事实方面也难以达成共识。

The Pew Research Center reported on Oct. 13, 2021 that the United States was regarded as the most politically polarized country in a survey involving 17 advanced economies, as 90 percent of the American respondents said there are at least strong conflicts between those who support different parties, and about six-in-ten thought their fellow citizens disagree not only over policies, but also over basic facts.

▌政党对立压制损害选民投票权利
Confrontations between political parties restrain and harm electors' right to vote.

共和党和民主党为了胜选，利用立法和选区划分等手段疯狂压制不利于自己的选民投票。选区划分成为压制少数族裔选民政治影响力的工具。

In order to win elections, Republicans and Democrats used legislation and gerrymander as well as other tactics to aggressively prevent voters who do not favor them from casting a ballot.

Gerrymander has become a tool to suppress the political influence of minority voters.

Gerrymander：改变选区；选区不公正的重新划分

▌国际社会对美国民主信心持续下降

The international community's confidence in U.S. democracy continues to decline.

皮尤研究中心2021年5月发布的调查数据显示，美国公众对政府的信任度接近1958年以来的历史低点，只有2%的美国人表示可以相信美国政府“几乎总是”做正确的事情，只有22%的美国人表示可以相信美国政府“大部分时间”做正确的事情。

Data released by the Pew Research Center in May 2021 indicated that the American public trust in the government neared a historic low since 1958, as only 2 percent of Americans said they can trust the U.S. government to do what is right "just about always," and only 22 percent said they can trust the government to do what is right "most of the time."

《华盛顿邮报》网站2021年6月12日发表评论文章称，美国民主过去几年的混乱错乱和功能失调令世界震惊，成为盟友眼中一件破碎的废品。

In an opinion published on June 12, 2021, The Washington Post said that in the past few years the world has been horrified by the chaos, dysfunction and insanity of American democracy, which was seen by U.S. allies as a shattered and washed-up has-been.

四、放纵种族歧视加剧社会不公
INDULGING IN RACIAL DISCRIMINATION EXACERBATES SOCIAL INJUSTICE

▌亚裔面临日趋严重的歧视和暴力攻击
Asian Americans face increasingly severe discrimination and violent attacks.

纽约市警察局2021年12月8日发布的数据显示，该市2021年针对亚裔的仇恨犯罪比2020年猛增361%。《华盛顿邮报》网站2021年4月22日报道，皮尤研究中心的一项调查显示，81%的亚裔成年人认为针对亚裔群体的暴力行为正在增多。

Statistics released by the New York Police Department on Dec. 8, 2021 showed that anti-Asian hate crimes in the city rose by 361 percent from that of 2020. According to a report of The Washington Post on April 22, 2021, a Pew Research Center survey found that 81 percent of Asian adults said violence against the group was rising.

自2018年11月美国实施所谓的“中国行动计划”以来，华人科学家频繁遭受美国政府的无端骚扰、监控和打击，执法部门的各种恶劣、荒谬行径不断遭媒体曝光。

Since the implementation of the so-called "China Initiative" in November 2018, Chinese scientists have frequently been subjected to gratuitous harassment, monitoring and crackdown by the U.S. government. Vile and absurd acts of the U.S. law enforcement authorities have been constantly exposed by the media.

▌对穆斯林的欺凌和仇视有增无减
Discrimination and attacks against Muslims are on the rise.

彭博社2021年9月9日报道称，“9·11”事件后的20年间，美国对穆斯林的歧视呈上升趋势。

Bloomberg reported on Sept. 9, 2021 that over the past two decades since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, discrimination against Muslim Americans has surged.

美国－伊斯兰关系委员会加利福尼亚州分支2021年10月28日发布的报告显示，加利福尼亚州超过50%的受访学生表示会因为自己的穆斯林身份受到欺凌，在学校感到不安全，这是自2013年以来的最高值。

A report published by the Council on American-Islamic Relations’ California chapter on Oct. 28, 2021 showed that more than half of the students surveyed across California said they do not feel safe at school because they are bullied for their Muslim heritage. That's the highest percentage the California chapter has documented since the survey started in 2013.

▌土著居民长期遭受惨无人道的种族迫害
The aborigines have long suffered cruel racial persecution.

美国侵犯土著居民权利的历史漫长而黑暗，包括印第安人在内的土著居民经历了血腥屠杀、野蛮驱逐和文化灭绝。

The United States has a long and dark history of violating the rights of indigenous people, including Indians, who have experienced bloody massacres, brutal expulsions and cultural genocide.

新冠肺炎疫情期间，纳瓦霍族、切罗基族、苏族等印第安人在疾病、贫困中艰难挣扎，却被系统性漠视。

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Navajo Nation, the Cherokee Nation, the Sioux Nation and other Native Americans have struggled with disease and poverty, which, however, has all been systematically ignored.

“今日俄罗斯”2022年1月8日报道，研究显示，20世纪50年代以来，美国秘密进行的1000多场核武器试验中有928场都是在印第安人肖肖尼部落的保留地上进行的。这些核试验累计产生62万吨放射性沉降物，是1945年日本广岛原子弹爆炸后所产生放射性沉降物的近48倍。

Russian news network RT reported on Jan. 8, 2022 that since the 1950s, among more than 1,000 clandestine nuclear tests the U.S. government has conducted, 928 took place on lands of the Shoshone Aboriginal tribe, leaving 620,000 tons of radioactive dust. The amount of radioactive dust is nearly 48 times that of the nuclear explosion in Hiroshima, Japan in 1945.

▌种族间的经济鸿沟持续扩大
The economic divide between races continues to widen.

美国少数族裔与白人之间存在长期性系统性的经济不平等，表现在就业创业、工资收入、金融贷款等方方面面。

There has been a long-term and systematic economic inequality between ethnic minority groups and the white population in the United States, which is manifested in various aspects such as employment and entrepreneurship, wages, and financial loans.

《今日美国报》网站2021年7月30日报道，盖洛普的调查显示，59%的美国人认为少数族裔难以拥有平等的就业机会。

On July 30, 2021, USA Today reported on its website that a new Gallup poll showed that 59 percent Americans do not believe racial minorities have equal job opportunities.

▌制度的结构性缺陷导致美国种族不平等日益加剧
Structural flaws in its system have led to increasing racial inequality in the United States.

2021年11月22日，联合国人权理事会少数群体问题特别报告员费尔南·德瓦雷纳表示，美国法律体系在结构设计上就对富人有利、为其提供豁免，而只惩罚穷人，特别是少数族裔，使得非洲裔、拉美裔等少数族裔不可避免地陷入贫困代际循环。

With a legal system that is structurally set up to advantage and forgive those who are wealthier, while penalizing those who are poorer, particularly minorities, minorities such as African Americans and Latino Americans in particular are crushed into a generational cycle of poverty, UN Special Rapporteur on minority issues Fernand de Varennes said on Nov. 22, 2021.

五、背离人道主义制造移民危机
CREATING A MIGRANT CRISIS AGAINST HUMANITY

▌寻求庇护者遭受暴力执法
Asylum seekers are subject to police brutality.

2021年，美国南部边境移民潮日益汹涌，边境执法人员以不断升级的暴力手段驱赶寻求庇护者或阻止其入境，导致人道主义危机持续加剧。美国边境执法部门公布的数据显示，2021财年，美国南部边境有高达557名移民死亡，比上一财年增长一倍多，创下1998年有记录以来的历史最高值。

In 2021, the humanitarian crisis continued to intensify as the southern border of the United States saw an increasing inflow of migrants, and border enforcement officers used increasingly violent means to expel or prevent asylum seekers from entering the country.

Data released by U.S. Border Patrol shows that in fiscal year 2021, as many as 557 migrants died on the southern border of the United States, more than double the previous fiscal year, hitting the highest number since records began in 1998.

▌移民儿童面临超期羁押与虐待
Immigrant children face prolonged detention and abuse.

美国有线电视新闻网2021年4月23日报道，美国海关和边境保护局还羁押着超过5000名无人陪伴的移民儿童，很多儿童的羁押时间都超出法定时限。

"There are more than 5,000 unaccompanied children in U.S. Customs and Border Protection custody," CNN reported on April 23, 2021. Many of them have been staying in custody for longer than the 72-hour limit set by federal law, it added.

英国《卫报》网站2021年10月11日报道，有160多起美国南部边境执法人员2016年至2021年间对包括儿童在内的寻求庇护者进行性虐待和身体虐待的案例被曝光，涉及美国海关和边境保护局、边境巡逻队等主要执法机构。

"A stash of redacted documents released to the human rights group (Human Rights Watch) after six years of legal tussles uncover more than 160 cases of misconduct and abuse by leading government agencies, notably Customs and Border Protection and U.S. Border Patrol," The Guardian reported on Oct. 11, 2021. "The papers record events between 2016 and 2021 that range from child sexual assault to enforced hunger, threats of rape and brutal detention conditions."

▌羁押移民的私营拘留设施条件恶劣
Conditions in private detention facilities where migrants are held are poor.

美国羁押移民的拘留设施大多由私营公司建设运营。而私营公司以利润最大化为目的，想方设法压低经营成本，一般都按照与政府签订合同的最低标准建设，造成拘留设施条件简陋，内部环境十分恶劣。监管缺位导致拘留设施内部管理混乱，侵犯人权的现象屡屡发生，被羁押人员身心健康受到不同程度伤害。

Most of the detention facilities in the United States are built and operated by private companies. In order to reduce operating costs and maximize profits, private companies generally build in accordance with the minimum standards contracted with the government, resulting in poor detention facilities and a harsh internal environment. A lack of supervision has led to chaotic management of the detention facilities and repeated violations of human rights, while detainees suffered varying degrees of physical and mental health damage.

▌不少移民成为美国人口贩运和强迫劳动的受害者
Many immigrants are victims of human trafficking and forced labor in the United States.

美国移民政策收紧，加之国内监管不力，加剧了针对移民的人口贩运和强迫劳动现象。美联社2021年12月10日报道，多年来，偷渡至美国的移民被迫长期在农场干苦力，生活在肮脏、拥挤的拖车里，缺少食物，也没有干净的饮用水，同时还遭受监管者的暴力威胁。这些劳工的身份和旅行证件被扣留，无法寻求帮助逃离困境。

Tighter U.S. immigration policies, combined with weak supervision at home, have exacerbated human smuggling and labor trafficking targeting immigrants.

A report by AP on Dec. 10, 2021 said that for years, immigrants who smuggled into the U.S. have been forced to work long hours on farms, living in filthy, overcrowded trailers, lacking food and clean drinking water, and facing threats of violence from regulators. The workers' IDs and travel documents were withheld, which limits their ability to seek help to escape their predicament.

▌对移民排斥越来越走向极端
Exclusion of immigrants becomes more and more extreme.

移民政策摇摆不定、前后矛盾、罔顾人权，是导致边境危机和移民境遇悲惨的主因，折射出美国政府移民政策深受极端排外主义影响。

The immigration policy, that is wavering, inconsistent and often disregards human rights, is the main cause of border crisis and immigrants' tragedy. The situation reflects that the policy is deeply affected by extreme xenophobia.

美国政府希望通过严厉的执法手段震慑非法越境者，加大了非法移民的入境难度，导致他们被迫选择穿越更危险的地区，进而带来更大的人道主义危机。

The U.S. government hopes to deter illegal border crossing through tough law enforcement, which has made it more difficult for illegal immigrants to enter the country, resulting in them being forced to cross more dangerous areas. The situation in turn creates a larger humanitarian crisis.

六、滥用武力制裁侵犯他国人权
ABUSE OF FORCE AND SANCTIONS VIOLATES HUMAN RIGHTS IN OTHER COUNTRIES

▌“反恐”造成大量平民丧生
The U.S. war on terror has killed millions of people.

《今日美国报》网站2021年2月25日报道，布朗大学沃森国际和公共事务研究所战争代价项目研究显示，美国近20年发动的所谓“反恐”战争已经夺去超过92.9万人的生命。

The website of USA Today reported on Feb. 25, 2021 that the so-called anti-terrorism war launched by the United States in the past 20 years has claimed the lives of more than 929,000 people, according to the "costs of war" study by Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs of Brown University.

持续的战争与动荡导致阿富汗近三分之一人口沦为难民，350万阿富汗人因冲突而流离失所，近2300万人面临极端饥饿，其中有320万名5岁以下儿童。

The ongoing war and instability have made nearly a third of the Afghan population refugees. A total of 3.5 million Afghans have been displaced by the conflict, and nearly 23 million face extreme hunger, including 3.2 million children under the age of five.

▌单边制裁祸及他国民众
Unilateral sanctions affect negatively people of other countries.

联合国人权理事会单边强制措施对享受人权的负面影响问题特别报告员阿莱娜·多汉称，美国对委内瑞拉制裁造成的经济影响，已经转嫁到委内瑞拉人民身上，对其享有人权产生严重负面影响。

Alena Douhan, UN Special Rapporteur on Negative Impact of Unilateral Coercive Measures on Human Rights, highlighted the sanctions' devastating impact on all of Venezuela's population, as well as on their enjoyment of human rights.

美国对伊朗石油部门的制裁导致伊朗无法进口足够的医疗用品，影响伊朗人民的生命权和健康权。美国对叙利亚的制裁，严重影响叙利亚人民享有经济、社会、文化权利。

The U.S. sanctions on Iran's oil sector have resulted in Iran's inability to import sufficient medical supplies, affecting the Iranians' right to life and health. The U.S. embargoes against Syria have severely affected the Syrian people's enjoyment of economic, social, and cultural rights.

2021年6月23日，联合国大会连续第29次通过决议，呼吁美国终止对古巴长达50年的经济封锁，与古巴开展对话，改善两国关系。

On June 23, 2021, the UN General Assembly voted in favor of a resolution for the 29th consecutive year to call on the United States to end embargo on Cuba and start dialogue to improve bilateral ties with the country.

▌关塔那摩监狱再曝酷刑丑闻
The Guantanamo Bay prison has been the scene of repeated torture scandals.

联合国人权理事会委派的人权问题独立专家组2022年1月10日发表声明表示，20年来，美国未经审判就将人任意拘押在关塔那摩监狱，并施加酷刑或虐待的做法，违背国际人权法，是“美国政府在法治承诺上的污点”。

The independent panel of experts on human rights appointed by the UN Human Rights Council issued a statement on Jan. 10, 2022, saying that two decades of practicing arbitrary detention without trial accompanied by torture or ill treatment violates international human right laws, and is a "stain on the U.S. government's commitment to the rule of law."

专家组敦促美国关闭关塔那摩监狱，结束“肆意侵犯人权的丑陋一页”，同时按照国际法赔偿遭受酷刑和任意拘押的人，并追究相关人员责任。

The experts urged the U.S. to close the Guantanamo Bay prison. They also called for reparations to be made for tortured and arbitrarily detained prisoners, and for those who authorized and engaged in torture to be held accountable, as required under international law.

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来源：新华社

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