刊讯｜SSCI 期刊《语用学杂志》2022年第187卷

Journal of Pragmatics

Volume 187,January 2022

Journal of Pragmatics (SSSCI一区，2020 IF: 1.476) 2022年第187卷共发文16篇，其中研究性论文6篇，书评5篇，其他文章5篇。内容涉及对话分析、语言风格、失语症、关联理论、言语行为、情感表达、词汇语用学、启发法等。

目录

Regular Papers

■ The pragmatic functions of ‘respect’ in lawyers' courtroom discourse: A case study of Brexit hearings, by David Wright, Jeremy Robson, Helen Murray-Edwards, Natalie Braber, Pages 1-12.

■ Metadiscourse in online advertising: Exploring linguistic and visual metadiscourse in social media advertisements, by Aisha Saadi Al-Subhi, Pages 24-40.

■Gender/power relationships in fictional conflict talk at the workplace: Analyzing television dramatic dialogue in The Newsroom, by Hanxi Li, Honggang Liu, Dilin Liu, Pages 58-71.

■ Joint planning in conversations with a person with aphasia, by Helene Killmer, Jan Svennevig, Suzanne Beeke, Pages 72-89.

■ Interactional and rhetorical functions of placeholders: A relevance-theoretic approach, by Tohru Seraku, Pages 118-129.

■Beyond negation: “Not” as evaluation and speech-act trigger in Mandarin Chinese negative markers, by Leyi Qian, Pages 147-166.

Book Review

■ Elastic Language in Persuasion and Comforting: A Cross-Cultural Perspective, Zhang, Grace, Parvaresh, Vahid. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham (2019), 303, ISBN 978-3-030-28459-6, €84.99, by Shuangshuang Lu, Pages 115-117.

■ Language. The Last Homestead of Human Beings, Qian Guanlian. Routledge, London (2021), 346, ISBN 9780367528782, GBP 160.00 (hardback), Qiao Huang, Pages 144-146.

■ Address Variation in Sociocultural Context. Region, power and distance in Italian service encounters, Agnese Bresin. John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam/Philadelphia (2021), 290, pp., ISBN 978-9027208125, EUR 105,00 (Hardback), by Piera Molinelli, Pages 167-168.

■ Emergent Syntax for Conversation: Clausal Patterns and the Organization of Action, Y. Maschler, S. Pekarek Doehler, J. Lindström, L. Keevallik (Eds.). John Benjamins, Amsterdam/Philadelphia (2020), 343, ISBN: 978-9027204431, $ 149, by Haiping Wu, Pages 169-172.

■ Performing Metaphoric Creativity across Modes and Contexts, Laura Hindalgo-Downing, Blanca Kraljevic Mujic. John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam/Philadelphia (2020), 346, ISBN: 978-90-272-6121-2, EUR 99.00 (e-Book), by Linlin Yu, Shengxi Jin, Pages 173-175.

Article(s) from the Special Issue on Relevance Theory: New Horizons; Edited by Tim Wharton, Caroline Jagoe and Deirdre Wilson

■ Beyond ostension: Introducing the expressive principle of relevance, by Constant Bonard, Pages 13-23.

■ Is free enrichment always free? Revisiting ad hoc-concept construction, by Manuel Padilla Cruz, Pages 130-143.

■ A relevance-focused production heuristic, by Kyu Hyun Park, Billy Clark, Pages 176-185.

Article(s) from the Special Issue on Turn design and epistemic management in small communities; Edited by Ilana Mushin

■ On the road again: Displaying knowledge of place in multiparty conversations in the remote Australian outback, by Lesley Stirling, Rod Gardner, Ilana Mushin, Joe Blythe, Francesco Possemato, Pages 90-114.

Article(s) from the Special Issue on Social Interaction in High Stakes Crisis Communication; Edited by Pentti Haddington and Elizabeth Stokoe

■ Recognising understandability: How police officers respond to drunk persons’ undecipherable turns, by Samu Pehkonen, Pages 41-57.

摘要

The pragmatic functions of ‘respect’ in lawyers' courtroom discourse: A case study of Brexit hearings

David Wright, School of Arts and Humanities, Nottingham Trent University, UK

Jeremy Robson, Leicester De Montfort Law School, UK

Helen Murray-Edwards, Leicester De Montfort Law School, UK

Natalie Braber, School of Arts and Humanities, Nottingham Trent University, UK

Abstract This paper is a corpus-assisted discourse analysis of the use of the word respect by the main advocates in the High Court and Supreme Court hearings of R v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union (the ‘Brexit case’). Courtroom discourse has received substantial research attention in pragmatics, and previous work has largely focused on notions of face and im/politeness exhibited in power-asymmetric encounters between lawyers and witnesses in hostile cross-examination. In contrast, this paper focuses on lawyer–judge interaction in appellate hearings and explores the ways in which advocates negotiate the task of making face-threats that are inherent to the discourse situation, while maintaining the levels of professional courtesy demanded by the institution. The word respect has a particular role in managing this balance, and has attached to it well-established implicit, indexical and professional meanings within the legal profession. The corpus analysis here shows that, although the advocates in question use respect in seemingly formulaic and ritualised ways, it is used to achieve multiple facework and interactional goals. Throughout the analysis we see advocates use respect when (dis)agreeing with judges, challenging opposing counsel and making recommendations to the court.

Key words Forensic linguistics, Corpus linguistics, Courtroom discourse, Face, Brexit, Advocacy

Metadiscourse in online advertising: Exploring linguistic and visual metadiscourse in social media advertisements

Aisha Saadi Al-Subhi, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia

Abstract Advertising is a powerful means of flowing information from sellers to buyers and it highly influences and smartly persuades people to do actions. This paper investigates the frequency and the use of the linguistic and the visual metadiscourse markers in SM advertisements, in addition to the role they play in the construction of persuasion. A corpus of 50 advertisements was extracted from three SM platforms: Instagram, Snapchat and Twitter, and both frequency-based and qualitative methods were integrated in the analysis. Drawing on Hyland’s (2005a, 2005b) models of metadiscourse and Kumpf's visual metadiscourse (2000), the study compared the use of these two distinct types of metadiscourse, and explained how visual metadiscourse complements linguistic metadiscourse in constructing persuasive messages and enticing customers into buying products. Results revealed that all categories of visual metadiscourse, especially chunking, convention, and consistency, were highly evident in the data investigated. Results also showed that engagement markers and directives exhibited higher frequencies than other linguistic metadiscourse and they were employed as effective techniques of persuasive language. The study concluded that metadiscourse, both visually and linguistically, plays a vital role in structuring the discourse, engaging the audience, and catching the consumers’ interest, thus becoming an integral aspect of persuasive writing.

Key words Metadiscourse, Visual metadiscourse, Advertising discourse, Writer-reader interaction, Persuasion

Gender/power relationships in fictional conflict talk at the workplace: Analyzing television dramatic dialogue in The Newsroom

Hanxi Li, College English Teaching and Research Department, Jilin Jianzhu University, No.5088, XinCheng Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin Province, PR China

Honggang Liu, Department of English, School of Foreign Languages, Northeast Normal University, No.5268, Renmin Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin Province, PR China

Dilin Liu, Department of English, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA

Abstract This study uses both conversation analysis (CA) and quantitative analysis to investigate a hitherto unexplored aspect of television dramatic dialogue: conflict talk at the workplace. Specifically, this study scrutinized 63 conflict-talk excerpts from the American TV series, The Newsroom, to explore how, in screenwriter-scripted dialogue, characters of both genders with different institutional positions (i.e., different levels of positional power) use linguistic devices to negotiate, contest, and/or assert power during conflict talk. The results of the study indicate that (1) both female and male characters in the series made frequent use of conflict talk-associated linguistic devices for power contestation and negotiation, hence displaying noticeable deviations from stereotypical gender-specific linguistic styles (especially for the female characters) and challenging established gender stereotypes, (2) power relationship was shown to be dynamic rather than static during conflict talk, and (3) the screenwriter-scripted uses and deviated uses of the typical/stereotypical linguistic devices and styles helped with characterization in the show. Furthermore, the results regarding cross-gender power contestation/negotiation in workplace conflict talk presented in this TV series support some existing research findings regarding gender stereotypes and power negotiations in both real-life and TV dramatic dialogue in general.

Key words Conflict talk, Conversation analysis, Gender stereotype, Linguistic style, Power relationship, Television dramatic dialogue

Joint planning in conversations with a person with aphasia

Helene Killmer, Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies, University of Oslo, Postboks 1102 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway

Jan Svennevig, Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies, University of Oslo, Postboks 1102 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway

Suzanne Beeke, Department of Language and Cognition, University College London, Chandler House, 2 Wakefield Street, London WC1N 1PF, UK

Abstract This study explores practices employed by a person with aphasia (PWA) and his wife to organize joint planning sequences and negotiate deontic rights (a participants' entitlement to initiate planning sequences and the entitlement to accept or reject a plan). We analyze two different conversations between a man with aphasia and his wife and their adult daughter. Using Conversation Analysis (CA), we identify practices that further the PWA's participation in the interaction while planning afternoon activities together with his wife. The PWA contributes to the planning talk by initiating and modifying planning sequences. The spouse supports his participation by aligning with his initiated actions and inviting him to collaborate in planning talk she initiates. Deontic authority is shared between the conversation partners and the PWA's agency is facilitated even during disagreement. The analysis offers insight into practices that allow a PWA to use his limited communicative resources to contribute competently to planning talk.

Key words Aphasia, Planning talk, Conversation analysis, Collaboration, Decision making, Negotiation

Interactional and rhetorical functions of placeholders: A relevance-theoretic approach

Tohru Seraku, Department of Japanese Interpretation and Translation, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Room 429, Language & Literature Building, 81 Oedae-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17035, South Korea

Abstract A growing number of studies have been conducted on placeholders (PHs). A PH is a dummy item that a speaker uses to fill in the syntactic slot of a target form that she cannot immediately retrieve or prefers not to disclose for social reasons. Since PHs are usually employed in verbal interaction, previous studies have been almost exclusively concerned with their interactional functions. PHs, however, are also widely attested in a digitally-mediated written form of communication (e.g. blog posts, Internet articles). In the present article, I provide new data on demonstrative-derived PHs in Japanese and reveal their rhetorical (i.e. non-interactional) functions. Further, I develop a uniform account of PHs in relevance theory. In the literature, no substantive analysis has been provided for the semantics and pragmatics of PHs. I propose that the PHs encode procedural meaning, and show that a wide range of PH functions emerge as outcomes of relevance-driven pragmatic inference based on the encoded meaning of PHs and contextual assumptions. In this analysis, the interactional and rhetorical functions of PHs are uniformly captured in terms of the presumption of optimal relevance.

Key words Relevance theory, Explicature, Implicature, Procedural meaning, Japanese, Digitally-mediated communication

Beyond negation: “Not” as evaluation and speech-act trigger in Mandarin Chinese negative markers

Leyi Qian, School of Foreign Studies, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China

Abstract Beyond canonical negation, Chinese negators do not alter the truth condition of the negated expression under certain conditions, a phenomenon traditionally referred to as redundant negation in Mandarin Chinese. The aim of the study is two-fold. While adopting and extending the notion of evaluative negation (EN) first proposed by Yoon (2011), I elaborate on the mechanism underlying the semantics and pragmatics of EN within the framework of evaluation and speech-act theory. Then I go further to explore the evaluative properties inherent in Chinese negative markers by analyzing the distribution and licensing conditions of EN. I propose that this logically vacuous negation is in fact semantically meaningful in that it has an evaluative force encoded by negators to presuppose the speaker's attitudes or psychological states as to the expressed proposition. Moreover, the presence of the so-called redundant negators has its pragmatic contribution. Together, the observations and analysis in this study will make effective contributions to a better understanding of the rationale and occurrences of EN cross-linguistically. Findings in this study also have implications for both L2-Chinese learners and instructors.

Key words Expletive negation, Evaluation, Attitudes, Speech act, Heaviness

Beyond ostension: Introducing the expressive principle of relevance

Constant Bonard, Institut Jean Nicod, ENS, Paris

Abstract In this paper, I am going to cast doubt on an idea that is shared, explicitly or implicitly, by most contemporary pragmatic theories: that the inferential interpretation procedure described by Grice, neo-Griceans, or post-Griceans applies only to the interpretation of ostensive stimuli. For this special issue, I will concentrate on the relevance theory (RT) version of this idea. I will proceed by putting forward a dilemma for RT and argue that the best way out of it is to accept that the relevance-theoretic comprehension procedure applies to certain non-ostensive stimuli, contrary to what is generally claimed within RT. In particular, I will argue that relevance theorists should accept that (ceteris paribus) non-ostensive emotional expressions in interactions guarantee a presumption of relevance such that they are interpreted through the relevance-theoretic comprehension procedure. This leads me to propose what I call 'the expressive principle of relevance'.

Key words Ostension, Relevance theory, Emotional expression, Non-ostensive, Unintentional communication, Relevance-theoretic comprehension procedure

Is free enrichment always free? Revisiting ad hoc-concept construction

Manuel Padilla Cruz, Universidad de Sevilla, Departmento de Filología Inglesa (Lengua Inglesa), c/ Palos de la Frontera, s/n, Sevilla, 41004, Spain

Abstract In relevance-theoretic pragmatics, lexical adjustment, or ad hoc-concept construction, is considered a case of free pragmatic enrichment. It is hence included within the group of non-linguistically mandated processes that are automatically carried out during comprehension. Its output is an inferentially-specified representation of the conceptual content encoded, or activated, by open-class words like nouns, adjectives, verbs or adverbs. Ad hoc-concept construction is a necessary step to obtain a fully propositional, truth-evaluable form that captures in a more precise manner the portion of meaning that the speaker communicates explicitly. However, this paper argues that this lexical pragmatic process needs not always be described as completely exempt from linguistic mandate: it may sometimes be enacted and steered by a series of linguistic elements. These fall within two categories: (i) the evaluative morphemes that some lexical items may receive in some languages, and (ii) lexical and phrasal items adjacent to content words. These elements would finetune the representations arising from content words as regards more specific, contextdependent features or shades. Moreover, they could add to such representations information about the speaker's attitude towards, or stance about, what the speakers refer to. Therefore, that information needs not always be derived as implicatures.

Key words Relevance theory, Free enrichment, Ad hoc concept, Lexical pragmatics, Linguistic triggers

A relevance-focused production heuristic

Kyu Hyun Park, Northumbria University, UK

Billy Clark, Northumbria University, UK

Abstract This paper proposes that a relevance-focused production heuristic plays a role in the production of communicative acts. The relevance-theoretic account of communication and other pragmatic theories focus on both communicators and their addressees, but there has been more focus on the pragmatic processes of comprehension than on communication, with few specific suggestions about the role of pragmatic processes in production. This paper outlines a research programme which aims to build on work by other researchers by making a proposal about this. The central claim is that production is constrained by at least one dedicated heuristic, which shares some properties with the relevance-guided comprehension heuristic proposed in earlier work. The main aim of the paper is to consider some questions about the nature of this heuristic and to propose an initial characterisation. The production of communicative acts is extremely complex. Our claim is that a production heuristic is one of many factors involved in this and that this proposal can help contribute to accounts of communicative behaviour.

Key words Communication, Production, Interaction, Relevance theory, Heuristics

On the road again: Displaying knowledge of place in multiparty conversations in the remote Australian outback

Lesley Stirling, University of Melbourne, School of Languages and Linguistics, Room 110, Level 1, Babel Building, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia

Rod Gardner, University of Queensland, Australia

Ilana Mushin, University of Queensland, Australia

Joe Blythe, Macquarie University, Australia

Francesco Possemato, Macquarie University, Australia

Abstract In this article we examine displays of epistemic status and stance among long-term Anglo-Australian residents of remote communities through a case study of a 2-h interaction by four men who have demonstrated sophisticated knowledge of locations in their region. We show how equal access to knowledge of places is oriented to, as well as how differences in rights to authoritatively claim knowledge emerge in disputes over details of locations which are resolved when it is established that one member can provide more specific or up-to-date knowledge. This study not only contributes to understanding epistemic management practices in contexts where there is a high degree of shared knowledge, but also grounds the exploration of new insights into the ways in which the epistemics of referring to places appear to diverge from what has been described for referring to persons.

Key words Australian English, Conversation, Epistemic status, Place reference, Territories of information

Recognising understandability: How police officers respond to drunk persons’ undecipherable turns

Samu Pehkonen, Police University College, Vaajakatu 2, PO Box 123 Tampere, 33721, Finland

Abstract Police officers (POs) dealing with a drunk person (DP) face a challenge: they need to engage with the DP, whose ability to participate in the production of orderly talk-in-interaction cannot be taken for granted. Using conversation analysis to analyse data from 32 encounters video-recorded for a TV documentary, this article identifies five practices utilised by Finnish POs when responding to DPs’ undecipherable turns. These practices range from ignoring the DP's turns-in-talk altogether, to diverse repair mechanisms that reveal various orientations to the DP's status as a problematic speaker. Because POs typically assume that the DP's impairment is self-inflicted, the moral accountability for the interactional deficit also differs from cases where speakers suffer from a seizure, for example. The article contributes to an understudied field of research in the sequential organisation of ‘drunk talk’ by looking at the context of policing where the interactional asymmetry is due to both intoxication and authority.

Key words Atypicality, Conversation analysis, Drunk talk, Policing, Repair

期刊简介

Since 1977, the Journal of Pragmatics has provided a forum for bringing together a wide range of research in pragmatics, including cognitive pragmatics, corpus pragmatics, experimental pragmatics, historical pragmatics, interpersonal pragmatics, multimodal pragmatics, sociopragmatics, theoretical pragmatics and related fields. Our aim is to publish innovative pragmatic scholarship from all perspectives, which contributes to theories of how speakers produce and interpret language in different contexts drawing on attested data from a wide range of languages/cultures in different parts of the world.

自 1977 年以来，Journal of Pragmatics 提供了一个论坛，汇集了广泛的语用学研究，包括认知语用学、语料库语用学、实验语用学、历史语用学、人际语用学、多模态语用学、社会语用学、理论语用学和相关领域。我们的目标是从各个角度发表创新的实用主义学术成果，这有助于利用来自世界不同地区的各种语言/文化的经证实数据，对说话者如何在不同环境中产生和解释语言的理论做出贡献。

The Journal of Pragmatics also encourages work that uses attested language data to explore the relationship between pragmatics and neighbouring research areas such as semantics, discourse analysis, conversation analysis and ethnomethodology, interactional linguistics, sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology, media studies, psychology, sociology, and the philosophy of language. Alongside full-length articles, discussion notes and book reviews, the journal welcomes proposals for high quality special issues in all areas of pragmatics which make a significant contribution to a topical or developing area at the cutting-edge of research.

《语用学杂志》还鼓励使用经过验证的语言数据来探索语用学与邻近研究领域之间的关系，例如语义学、话语分析、对话分析和民族方法学、交互语言学、社会语言学、语言人类学、媒体研究、心理学、社会学和语言哲学。除了长篇文章、讨论笔记和书评外，该杂志还欢迎对语用学所有领域的高质量特刊提出建议，这些建议对前沿研究的主题或发展领域做出重大贡献。

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