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"Even in purely non-religious terms, homosexuality represents a misuse of the sexual faculty. It is a pathetic little second-rate substitute for reality -- a pitiable flight from life. As such, it deserves no compassion, it deserves no treatment as minority martyrdom, and it deserves not to be deemed anything but a pernicious sickness."

“就算抛开宗教信仰的因素，同性恋也是性滥交的代名词，它是可悲的，次等的，一种现实的替代品是人生中一段令人遗憾的旅程，因此，同性恋不值得同情也不值得治疗因为只有少数人为此受难同性恋只值得视为一种有害的疾病"

That's from Time magazine in 1966, when I was three years old.

上述的话选自1966年发行的 《时代》杂志，那时我只有三岁.

And last year, the president of the United States came out in favor of gay marriage. And my question is, how did we get from there to here? How did an illness become an identity? When I was perhaps six years old, I went to a shoe store with my mother and my brother. And at the end of buying our shoes, the salesman said to us that we could each have a balloon to take home. My brother wanted a red balloon, and I wanted a pink balloon. My mother said that she thought I'd really rather have a blue balloon. But I said that I definitely wanted the pink one.

但是就在去年，美国总统站出来表示支持同性恋婚姻，我的问题是，我们是如何实现这种态度的转变？曾经的疾病是如何成为现在的一种身份认同？当我差不多六岁的时候，我和妈妈还有弟弟去一家鞋店，最后，当我们付款买鞋子的时候，售货员告诉我们，我们每个人可以挑选一个气球带回家，我的弟弟想要一个红色的气球，我想要粉色的气球，而我的母亲说她觉得我应该选一个蓝色的气球，但是我说我想要的毫无疑问是粉色的气球。

And she reminded me that my favorite color was blue. The fact that my favorite color now is blue, but I'm still gay -- is evidence of both my mother's influence and its limits.

她提醒我，我最喜欢的颜色是蓝色，其结果是，我现在最喜欢的颜色是蓝色，但我依旧是个同性恋者这既反应了母亲对孩子的影响，也反应了这其中的局限性。

When I was little, my mother used to say, "The love you have for your children is like no other feeling in the world. And until you have children, you don't know what it's like."

当我很小的时候，母亲曾经说过"父母对子女的爱是世界上，其它一切感情都无法比拟的，只有当你拥有自己的孩子时，你才能体会到"。

And when I was little, I took it as the greatest compliment in the world that she would say that about parenting my brother and me. And when I was an adolescent, I thought that I'm gay, and so I probably can't have a family. And when she said it, it made me anxious. And after I came out of the closet, when she continued to say it, it made me furious.I said, "I'm gay. That's not the direction that I'm headed in. And I want you to stop saying that."

我小的时候，把母亲讲的，关于抚育我和弟弟的这段话当成是世界上最高称赞，当我成为一个青少年的时候，我想：我是同性恋，所以我可能不会有自己的家庭，当母亲说那些话的时候，我就会感到很焦虑。当我的事公之于众后,母亲还重提此事，我感到很恼火，我说：“我是同性恋。我不会走那条路。我希望你不要再说那些话了。”

About 20 years ago, I was asked by my editors at The New York Times Magazine to write a piece about deaf culture. And I was rather taken aback. I had thought of deafness entirely as an illness. Those poor people, they couldn't hear. They lacked hearing, and what could we do for them? And then I went out into the deaf world.

大约二十年前， 《纽约时报》主编让我，写一篇关于聋人文化的文章，我感到很惊讶，我原以为耳聋就是一种疾病，那些可怜的人呀，他们什么都听不见，如果他们听不见，我们能为他们做什么呢？接下来，我走进了聋人世界。

I went to deaf clubs. I saw performances of deaf theater and of deaf poetry. I even went to the Miss Deaf America contest in Nashville, Tennessee where people complained about that slurry Southern signing. And as I plunged deeper and deeper into the deaf world, I become convinced that deafness was a culture and that the people in the deaf world who said, "We don't lack hearing, we have membership in a culture," were saying something that was viable. It wasn't my culture, and I didn't particularly want to rush off and join it, but I appreciated that it was a culture and that for the people who were members of it, it felt as valuable as Latino culture or gay culture or Jewish culture. It felt as valid perhaps even as American culture.

我去了聋人俱乐部，观看了聋人的表演，我甚至去了田纳西州纳什维尔的 “美国聋人小姐”选秀赛，居然有人抱怨她们甜腻的南方手语“口音”，随着越来越融入聋人世界，我开始相信耳聋是一种文化，并且聋人世界中的人也说，"我们不是听力不健全，我们是一种文化，"这是可行的，这不是我的文化，我也没想冲过去加入这种文化，但我欣赏它是一种文化，对其中的成员而言，它的价值就如同拉美文化，同性恋文化或犹太文化，它甚至可以和美国文化相媲美。

Then a friend of a friend of mine had a daughter who was a dwarf. And when her daughter was born, she suddenly found herself confronting questions that now began to seem quite resonant to me. She was facing the question of what to do with this child. Should she say, "You're just like everyone else but a little bit shorter?" Or should she try to construct some kind of dwarf identity, get involved in the Little People of America, become aware of what was happening for dwarfs?

我朋友的朋友有个女儿，是个小矮人，当她女儿出生的时候，她突然发现她要面对很多问题，这些问题使我产生共鸣，她当时面临的问题是--该如何对待这个孩子？她应该说“你和其他人一样，只是矮了点儿”？还是去试图建立某种小矮人身份认同，加入美国小个子联盟，开始了解矮人生活圈的那些事？

And I suddenly thought, most deaf children are born to hearing parents. Those hearing parents tend to try to cure them. Those deaf people discover community somehow in adolescence. Most gay people are born to straight parents. Those straight parents often want them to function in what they think of as the mainstream world, and those gay people have to discover identity later on.

然后我突然想到，大多数耳聋孩子的父母，都是听力健全的，那些听力健全的父母，总是试图去治愈他们的孩子，那些聋人要差不多到青春期的时候，才开始接触聋人群体，大多数同性恋者的父母是异性恋，那些异性恋父母常常希望，他们的孩子表现得，如他们认为的主流世界所期望的那样，那些同性恋者不得不长大后才寻找身份认同。

And here was this friend of mine looking at these questions of identity with her dwarf daughter. And I thought, there it is again: A family that perceives itself to be normal with a child who seems to be extraordinary. And I hatched the idea that there are really two kinds of identity. There are vertical identities, which are passed down generationally from parent to child. Those are things like ethnicity, frequently nationality, language, often religion.

再说说我的这个朋友，面对这些关于她小矮人女儿身份认同的问题，然后我想，又是这样，一个认为自己正常的家庭，有着一个特殊的孩子，我想，事实上，身份认同分为两种类型，有垂直身份认同，从父母到孩子，代代相传，也有像是种族，国际，语言，宗教。

Those are things you have in common with your parents and with your children. And while some of them can be difficult, there's no attempt to cure them. You can argue that it's harder in the United States --our current presidency notwithstanding -- to be a person of color.

你和你的父母,孩子拥有共同点,而有些身份较难识别,但并不需要尝试去改变，你可以争辩说，在美国作为有色人种生存艰难，尽管我们现任的总统是有色人种。

And yet, we have nobody who is trying to ensure that the next generation of children born to African-Americans and Asians come out with creamy skin and yellow hair.

确实，没人试图去保证，非洲裔美国人，亚洲裔的孩子们，生来就有着奶油色的皮肤和金黄的头发。

There are these other identities which you have to learn from a peer group. And I call them horizontal identities, because the peer group is the horizontal experience.

还有一些身份认同，是你从同龄人群中获得的，我称它们为水平身份认同，因为和同伴一起活动，接触，是所谓的一种经验。

These are identities that are alien to your parents

这些身份认同与你从父母处得来的不同

and that you have to discover when you get to see them in peers.

你需要通过接触同伴自己发掘

And those identities, those horizontal identities,

这种身份认同，我指的是水平身份认同

people have almost always tried to cure.

就是人们最希望去治愈的部分

And I wanted to look at what the process is

我想要研究的是，这是怎样的过程

through which people who have those identities

有着这些身份认同的人们

come to a good relationship with them.

是怎么和他们保持好的关系的

And it seemed to me that there were three levels of acceptance

在我看来，有三种

that needed to take place.

不同程度的接受

There's self-acceptance, there's family acceptance, and there's social acceptance.

这三种是，自我接受，家庭接纳，社会接纳

And they don't always coincide.

它们并不一定同步发生

And a lot of the time, people who have these conditions are very angry

很多时候，这样的人很易怒

because they feel as though their parents don't love them,

因为他们觉得，他们的父母并不爱他们

when what actually has happened is that their parents don't accept them.

真实的情况是，他的父母不接受他们

Love is something that ideally is there unconditionally

最理想的爱就是父母和孩子

throughout the relationship between a parent and a child.

之间那种无条件的爱

But acceptance is something that takes time.

但接受是需要时间

It always takes time.

接受总是需要时间的

One of the dwarfs I got to know was a guy named Clinton Brown.

我认识的一个小矮人，名叫克林顿布朗

When he was born, he was diagnosed with diastrophic dwarfism,

他出生的时候，就被诊断为畸形侏儒症

a very disabling condition,

他的残疾非常严重

and his parents were told that he would never walk, he would never talk,

他的父母被告知，他永久丧失行走能力和语言能力

he would have no intellectual capacity,

他也没有获取知识的能力

and he would probably not even recognize them.

他甚至也不会认识他的父母

And it was suggested to them that they leave him at the hospital

医院给他父母的建议是，把他留在医院

so that he could die there quietly.

他可以在那里平静地离世

And his mother said she wasn't going to do it.

他的母亲说，她不会这样做

And she took her son home.

她把她的儿子带回了家

And even though she didn't have a lot of educational or financial advantages,

尽管她没有什么学历，也不是很富有

she found the best doctor in the country

她还是找到了治疗畸形侏儒症

for dealing with diastrophic dwarfism,

全国最顶级的医生

and she got Clinton enrolled with him.

她让克林顿接受治疗

And in the course of his childhood,

他的童年

he had 30 major surgical procedures.

经历了 30次重大外科手术

And he spent all this time stuck in the hospital

他一直待在医院里

while he was having those procedures,

而正是这些治疗过程

as a result of which he now can walk.

让他现在有了行走的能力

And while he was there, they sent tutors around to help him with his school work.

他在住院期间，医院请了家庭教师来指导他的功课

And he worked very hard because there was nothing else to do.

他学习非常努力，因为他没有别的事可做

And he ended up achieving at a level

最终，他达到了

that had never before been contemplated by any member of his family.

他家庭内任何成员，都从未达到过的高度

He was the first one in his family, in fact, to go to college,

他是他的家庭成员里，第一个去上大学的人

where he lived on campus and drove a specially-fitted car

他住在学校宿舍并且自己开车

that accommodated his unusual body.

一辆为他身体状况特别制造的汽车

And his mother told me this story of coming home one day --

他的母亲告诉我一个故事

and he went to college nearby --

他去了家附近的大学

and she said, "I saw that car, which you can always recognize,

她说 "我看到了那部车，一眼就认出来是他的车子

in the parking lot of a bar," she said.

停在一家酒吧的停车场，"

"And I thought to myself, they're six feet tall, he's three feet tall.

"我想了想，他们六英尺高，他三英尺高

Two beers for them is four beers for him."

他们喝两瓶啤酒，在他那里就相当于四瓶啤酒"。

She said, "I knew I couldn't go in there and interrupt him,

她说，"我知道我不能走进去打扰他

but I went home, and I left him eight messages on his cell phone."

但我回家之后，给他发了八条短信

She said, "And then I thought,

她说，"我想

if someone had said to me when he was born

在他出生的时候，如果有人对我说，

that my future worry would be that he'd go drinking and driving with his college buddies -- "

我未来的担心是，他会和他大学友人酒后驾车"

And I said to her, "What do you think you did

我对她说， "你觉得你做了什么

that helped him to emerge as this charming, accomplished, wonderful person?"

帮他成为一个有魅力、成功、精彩的人吗?"

And she said, "What did I do? I loved him, that's all.

她说，"我做了什么？我爱他，就这样

Clinton just always had that light in him.

克林顿一直都有这样的光芒，

And his father and I were lucky enough to be the first to see it there."

他的父亲和我很幸运，最早看见了他的光芒。”

I'm going to quote from another magazine of the '60s.

我要去引述1960年代，另一家杂志刊载的话

This one is from 1968 -- The Atlantic Monthly, voice of liberal America --

这是1968年出版的大西洋月刊，美国的自由主义之声

written by an important bioethicist.

作者是知名的生物伦理学专家

He said, "There is no reason to feel guilty

他说，"对于遗弃唐氏综合症的婴孩

about putting a Down syndrome child away,

我们不必感到内疚

whether it is put away in the sense of hidden in a sanitarium

无论是将其送到疗养院去

or in a more responsible, lethal sense.

或者用更负责也更致命的方式

It is sad, yes -- dreadful. But it carries no guilt.

这很可悲，也很可怕，但不需要有罪恶感

True guilt arises only from an offense against a person,

真正有内疚只源于侵犯人，

and a Down's is not a person."

而唐氏综合症患者不是人。”

There's been a lot of ink given to the enormous progress that we've made

关于同性恋者处境的大幅度进步

in the treatment of gay people.

已经有很多文章就此发表观点

The fact that our attitude has changed is in the headlines every day.

每天都有头条报导，人们对同性恋的态度已有所转变

But we forget how we used to see people who had other differences,

但我们遗忘了过去是怎么看待，不同于大众的人

how we used to see people who were disabled,

忘了过去是怎么看待残障人士的

how inhuman we held people to be.

忘了我们曾经多么不人道

And the change that's been accomplished there,

在那些方面的改变

which is almost equally radical,

几乎同样激进

is one that we pay not very much attention to.

我们却未给予更多的重视

One of the families I interviewed, Tom and Karen Robards,

我采访过罗巴兹家族的，汤姆和凯伦夫妇

were taken aback when, as young and successful New Yorkers,

他们当年是年轻有为的纽约人

their first child was diagnosed with Down syndrome.

在得知他们第一个孩子，患有唐氏综合征时大为惊讶

They thought the educational opportunities for him were not what they should be,

他们认为儿子并未得到应有的教育

and so they decided they would build a little center --

于是他们决定成立一个小型教育机构

two classrooms that they started with a few other parents --

两间教室里，他们开始和其他的父母

to educate kids with D.S.

一起教育唐氏综合症儿童

And over the years, that center grew into something called the Cooke Center,

多年后，该机构发展为库克中心

where there are now thousands upon thousands

现在有成千上万的

of children with intellectual disabilities who are being taught.

智障儿童在这里接受教育

In the time since that Atlantic Monthly story ran,

自从大西洋月刊，刊载了那片文章以来

the life expectancy for people with Down syndrome has tripled.

唐氏综合征患者的寿命，增加了两倍

The experience of Down syndrome people includes those who are actors,

唐氏综合征的人有些是演员

those who are writers, some who are able to live fully independently in adulthood.

作家，有些在成年后，能完全独立生活

The Robards had a lot to do with that.

罗巴兹夫妇的贡献很大

And I said, "Do you regret it?

我问他们：“你们会遗憾吗？

Do you wish your child didn't have Down syndrome?

你们希望自己的孩子，没有唐氏综合征吗？

Do you wish you'd never heard of it?"

是否希望从未听说过这种病症?"

And interestingly his father said,

有趣的是这位父亲说，

"Well, for David, our son, I regret it,

"嗯，从我们的儿子大卫角度来看，我感到遗憾，

because for David, it's a difficult way to be in the world,

因为对于大卫来说，这个世界里唐氏患儿的路走得非常艰辛

and I'd like to give David an easier life.

我想要给大卫更轻松的生活

But I think if we lost everyone with Down syndrome, it would be a catastrophic loss."

但我认为，如果世界上不再有唐氏症患儿，会是很大的损失。”

And Karen Robards said to me, "I'm with Tom.

凯伦罗巴兹说：“我同意汤姆的看法

For David, I would cure it in an instant to give him an easier life.

为了让大卫活得更自在，我会想瞬间治愈他的唐氏综合症

But speaking for myself -- well, I would never have believed 23 years ago when he was born

但对我来说， 23年前他刚出生时，我绝不相信

that I could come to such a point --

我能走到今天这一步

speaking for myself, it's made me so much better and so much kinder

对我来说，他的病，让我成为更好，更善良的人

and so much more purposeful in my whole life,

让我的人生更有意义

that speaking for myself, I wouldn't give it up for anything in the world."

对我来说，这样的经验，是世界上任何其他东西都换不来的"

We live at a point when social acceptance for these and many other conditions

现代社会对这样那样的病症的接受程度

is on the up and up.

越来越高

And yet we also live at the moment

然而，此时此刻

when our ability to eliminate those conditions

我们治愈这些病症的能力

has reached a height we never imagined before.

也已经达到一个前所未有的高度

Most deaf infants born in the United States now

现在美国新生的耳聋婴儿

will receive Cochlear implants,

都会接受人工耳蜗植入手术，

which are put into the brain and connected to a receiver,

将人工耳蜗植入大脑，并连上接收器

and which allow them to acquire a facsimile of hearing and to use oral speech.

通过接收信号，这让他们具有听说的能力

A compound that has been tested in mice, BMN-111,

有一种叫 BMN-111的化合物，经老鼠实验

is useful in preventing the action of the achondroplasia gene.

在抑制软骨发育不全基因方面，非常有效

Achondroplasia is the most common form of dwarfism,

软骨发育不全，是侏儒症最常见的表现形式

and mice who have been given that substance and who have the achondroplasia gene,

有软骨发育不全基因的小鼠，摄取BMN-11以后

grow to full size.

可以生长到正常体型

Testing in humans is around the corner.

临床试验指日可待

There are blood tests which are making progress

通过血液检测唐氏综合症的技术也在进步

that would pick up Down syndrome more clearly and earlier in pregnancies than ever before,

可以在怀孕早期，更明确地检测出唐氏综合症

making it easier and easier for people to eliminate those pregnancies,

使它更容易尽早终止

or to terminate them.

唐氏综合症胎儿妊娠

And so we have both social progress and medical progress.

我们的社会进步了，医学也发展了

And I believe in both of them.

我认同这两方面的进步

I believe the social progress is fantastic and meaningful and wonderful,

我相信社会的进步，精彩且有意义

and I think the same thing about the medical progress.

我认为医学的进步，也是如此

But I think it's a tragedy when one of them doesn't see the other.

但我认为两者互不理解，着实可悲

And when I see the way they're intersecting

当我看到他们交汇的方式

in conditions like the three I've just described,

像我刚才描述的三个病例

I sometimes think it's like those moments in grand opera

我有时觉得这就像，那些悲壮的歌剧

when the hero realizes he loves the heroine

当英雄意识到，他爱上女主角的时候

at the exact moment that she lies expiring on a divan.

就是女主角躺在长沙发上，奄奄一息

We have to think about how we feel about cures altogether.

我们要全盘考量对于治愈的态度

And a lot of the time the question of parenthood is,

父母常常面对的问题是

what do we validate in our children,

孩子在哪些方面值得肯定

and what do we cure in them?

哪些方面需要治愈？

Jim Sinclair, a prominent autism activist, said,

有名的自闭症专家，吉姆·辛克莱说，

"When parents say 'I wish my child did not have autism,'

"当父母说 '我希望我的孩子没有自闭症，'

what they're really saying is 'I wish the child I have did not exist

他们真正的意思是'我希望我的孩子并不存在

and I had a different, non-autistic child instead.'

而希望有一个没有自闭症的孩子.'

Read that again. This is what we hear when you mourn over our existence.

听仔细了，当你们抱怨我们的存在，我们听到的就是这个意思

This is what we hear when you pray for a cure --

你们祈祷奇迹出现的时候，我们听到的是

that your fondest wish for us

你们衷心希望

is that someday we will cease to be

总有一天我们将不复存在

and strangers you can love will move in behind our faces."

和我们长着相同面孔的陌生人将会取代我们，得到你们所有的爱

It's a very extreme point of view,

这是一个非常极端的观点，

but it points to the reality that people engage with the life they have

但它指出了一个现实，人们有自己的生活

and they don't want to be cured or changed or eliminated.

他们不想要被治愈，或改变或消灭

They want to be whoever it is that they've come to be.

他们希望，不管是谁，都能保有与生俱来的天性

One of the families I interviewed for this project

为了这个项目，我采访了迪伦科莱柏德的家庭

was the family of Dylan Klebold who was one of the perpetrators of the Columbine massacre.

迪伦柯莱柏德是，哥伦拜恩校园惨案的罪犯之一

It took a long time to persuade them to talk to me,

我花了很长的时间，说服他们跟我对话

and once they agreed, they were so full of their story

他们同意了，有太多的故事

that they couldn't stop telling it.

一开口就无法停下来

And the first weekend I spent with them -- the first of many --

我第一次和他们共度周末，后来还有许多次

I recorded more than 20 hours of conversation.

我录了20多个小时的谈话内容

And on Sunday night, we were all exhausted.

到了周日晚上，大家都精疲力竭

We were sitting in the kitchen. Sue Klebold was fixing dinner.

我们坐在厨房里，苏在做晚饭

And I said, "If Dylan were here now,

我说，"如果现在，迪伦还在这里

do you have a sense of what you'd want to ask him?"

你们想要问他些什么?"

And his father said, "I sure do.

他的父亲说，"当然

I'd want to ask him what the hell he thought he was doing."

我想问问他，究竟为什么这样做"。

And Sue looked at the floor, and she thought for a minute.

苏望着地板，思考了一会儿

And then she looked back up and said,

然后抬起头来说，

"I would ask him to forgive me for being his mother

“我会请他原谅，我不是合格的好母亲

and never knowing what was going on inside his head."

从来不知道他的脑袋里，想的是些什么”

When I had dinner with her a couple of years later --

几年后，我再度与她吃晚餐

one of many dinners that we had together --

那是我们曾经许多共同的晚餐之一

she said, "You know, when it first happened,

她说，"你知道，当事情发生的时候

I used to wish that I had never married, that I had never had children.

我曾经希望我没有结过婚，也没有孩子

If I hadn't gone to Ohio State and crossed paths with Tom,

如果我没有到俄亥俄州立大学，没遇见汤姆

this child wouldn't have existed and this terrible thing wouldn't have happened.

这个孩子就不会存在，这可怕的惨案就不会发生

But I've come to feel that I love the children I had so much

但我觉得我太爱孩子们了

that I don't want to imagine a life without them.

我不愿想象没有他们的生活

I recognize the pain they caused to others, for which there can be no forgiveness,

我承认他们对其他人造成的痛苦，是不可饶恕的

but the pain they caused to me, there is," she said.

但我能宽恕他们对我造成的痛苦。"她说

"So while I recognize that it would have been better for the world

"所以虽然我承认，如果迪伦未曾出现在这个世界上

if Dylan had never been born,

世界会更美好

I've decided that it would not have been better for me."

但我认为那样对我并非更有好处

I thought it was surprising how all of these families had all of these children with all of these problems,

令人惊讶的是，这些家庭有这么多子女教育的问题

problems that they mostly would have done anything to avoid,

这些问题又是他们，常常不惜代价去避免的

and that they had all found so much meaning in that experience of parenting.

但她们都发现养儿育女的经验，很有意义

And then I thought, all of us who have children

然后我想，我们这些有孩子的人

love the children we have, with their flaws.

不管孩子如何，我们都疼爱无比

If some glorious angel suddenly descended through my living room ceiling

如果带着光环的天使，突然从客厅天花板降落

and offered to take away the children I have

提议要带走我的孩子

and give me other, better children -- more polite, funnier, nicer, smarter --

还给我一个更好的孩子，更有礼貌，风趣，友善，聪明

I would cling to the children I have and pray away that atrocious spectacle.

我会紧抓住我自己的孩子，祈祷残忍地事情不要发生

And ultimately I feel

我最终明白

that in the same way that we test flame-retardant pajamas in an inferno

就如同我们在火焰中测试防火睡衣

to ensure they won't catch fire when our child reaches across the stove,

以确保孩子手伸到炉子上时不会着火

so these stories of families negotiating these extreme differences

这些处理特殊情况的家庭的故事

reflect on the universal experience of parenting,

反映了普世的育儿经验

which is always that sometimes you look at your child and you think,

有时候你看着孩子，心里想

where did you come from?

你从哪里来？

It turns out that while each of these individual differences is siloed --

尽管他们各自面对不同的境况

there are only so many families dealing with schizophrenia,

只有一些家庭有精神分裂症患者

there are only so many families of children who are transgender,

只有一些家庭的孩子做了变性手术

there are only so many families of prodigies --

只有一些家庭出现神童

who also face similar challenges in many ways --

在许多方面也面临着相似的挑战

there are only so many families in each of those categories --

每个类别也仅有一些家庭

but if you start to think

但如果你开始思考

that the experience of negotiating difference within your family

那些处理家人间分歧的经验

is what people are addressing,

是出现在每个人生活中的

then you discover that it's a nearly universal phenomenon.

然后你发现这是一个普遍的现象

Ironically, it turns out, that it's our differences, and our negotiation of difference,

讽刺的是，事实证明，正是我们的不同和我们协商彼此的不同

that unite us.

将我们连结起来

I decided to have children while I was working on this project.

当我做这个项目的时候，我决定要孩子

And many people were astonished and said,

很多人对此感到惊奇

"But how can you decide to have children

"你怎么能做出要孩子的决定

in the midst of studying everything that can go wrong?"

当你的研究是关于不如意的，且只进行到一半?"

And I said, "I'm not studying everything that can go wrong.

我说，"我研究的不是那些不如意

What I'm studying is how much love there can be,

我研究的是，有多少爱可以给予

even when everything appears to be going wrong."

甚至当一切似乎，都是个错误的情况下"。

I thought a lot about the mother of one disabled child I had seen,

我想起我见过的一个残疾孩子的母亲

a severely disabled child who died through caregiver neglect.

这个有严重残疾的孩子，因为照料不周而去世

And when his ashes were interred, his mother said,

当他的骨灰被安葬的时候，他的母亲说

"I pray here for forgiveness for having been twice robbed,

"我在这里祈祷宽恕，我失去了两个

once of the child I wanted and once of the son I loved."

一个是我想要的孩子，一个是我所爱着的儿子”

And I figured it was possible then for anyone to love any child

我以为任何一个人，都可以去爱任何孩子

if they had the effective will to do so.

如果他们有能力就会这样做

So my husband is the biological father of two children

我的丈夫是，两个孩子的亲生父亲

with some lesbian friends in Minneapolis.

这两个孩子的母亲是，他在明尼阿波利斯市的女同性恋朋友

I had a close friend from college who'd gone through a divorce and wanted to have children.

我大学时期有一个亲密的朋友，她离了婚却也想要孩子

And so she and I have a daughter,

所以我和她生了一个女儿

and mother and daughter live in Texas.

母亲和女儿居住在德克萨斯州

And my husband and I have a son who lives with us all the time

我丈夫和我有个儿子，和我们一起生活

of whom I am the biological father,

我是他的生父

and our surrogate for the pregnancy was Laura,

为我们代孕的女士是劳拉

the lesbian mother of Oliver and Lucy in Minneapolis.

她是明尼阿波利斯市奥利弗和露西的，女同性恋母亲

So the shorthand is five parents of four children in three states.

五位父母，生了四个孩子，生活在三个不同的州

And there are people who think that the existence of my family

当然有些人会认为，这样的家庭的存在

somehow undermines or weakens or damages their family.

在某种程度上破坏或削弱，甚至损害了他们的家庭

And there are people who think that families like mine

也有些人认为，像我们这样的家庭

shouldn't be allowed to exist.

不应该被允许存在

And I don't accept subtractive models of love, only additive ones.

我不接受消减中的爱，只求递增的爱

And I believe that in the same way that we need species diversity

同时我也相信，我们需要物种的多样性

to ensure that the planet can go on,

来确保地球可以延续下去

so we need this diversity of affection and diversity of family

因此，我们需要，这种多样化的感情和家庭

in order to strengthen the ecosphere of kindness.

来强化仁慈的生物圈

The day after our son was born,

在我们儿子出生后的第二天

the pediatrician came into the hospital room and said she was concerned.

儿科医生走进病房说，她很担心

He wasn't extending his legs appropriately.

他没有适当地伸展他的双腿

She said that might mean that he had brain damage.

她说这可能意味着他有脑损伤

In so far as he was extending them, he was doing so asymmetrically,

当他伸腿时，又很不对称

which she thought could mean that there was a tumor of some kind in action.

她以为这可能意味着，有某种类型的肿瘤

And he had a very large head, which she thought might indicate hydrocephalus.

他的头非常大，她认为这可能意味着他有脑积水

And as she told me all of these things,

当她告诉我这些事情的时候

I felt the very center of my being pouring out onto the floor.

我觉得我的身体要倒下去似的

And I thought, here I had been working for years

我想，我花很多年写的书

on a book about how much meaning people had found

关于人们养育残疾子女的经验

in the experience of parenting children who are disabled,

给他们带来了怎样的意义

and I didn't want to join their number.

但我还是不想加入他们

Because what I was encountering was an idea of illness.

我想到的是疾病

And like all parents since the dawn of time,

就像所有的父母那样，从孩子出生那刻起

I wanted to protect my child from illness.

我想要我的孩子健康

And I wanted also to protect myself from illness.

同时我也想自己远离疾病

And yet, I knew from the work I had done

我的工作经验让我得知

that if he had any of the things we were about to start testing for,

如果经过哪些检查，发现他有什么问题

that those would ultimately be his identity,

那将永久成为他的特性

and if they were his identity they would become my identity,

如果这是他的特性，也将会是我的特性

that that illness was going to take a very different shape as it unfolded.

这将不同于病症最初呈现的那样

We took him to the MRI machine, we took him to the CAT scanner,

我们带他做核磁共振，带他做计算机化X射线轴向分层造影

we took this day-old child and gave him over for an arterial blood draw.

我们带着这个出生仅一天的孩子做动脉抽血

We felt helpless.

我们感到无助

And at the end of five hours,

五个小时后，

they said that his brain was completely clear

医生们说他的大脑完全没问题

and that he was by then extending his legs correctly.

也可以完全正常伸展他的双腿

And when I asked the pediatrician what had been going on,

当我问儿科医生这是怎么回事，

she said she thought in the morning he had probably had a cramp.

她说，她觉得早上他可能抽筋了

But I thought how my mother was right.

我认为我的母亲是正确的

I thought, the love you have for your children

我以为你对自己孩子的爱

is unlike any other feeling in the world,

是不同于世界上任何其他感觉的

and until you have children, you don't know what it feels like.

直到你有孩子，你才知道那是什么样的感觉

I think children had ensnared me

我想是孩子让我

the moment I connected fatherhood with loss.

认为自己不是个称职的父亲

But I'm not sure I would have noticed that

但我不确定自己会注意到

if I hadn't been so in the thick of this research project of mine.

要不是我做了这么繁复的研究项目，

I'd encountered so much strange love,

我遇到了太多奇怪的爱，

and I fell very naturally into its bewitching patterns.

然后我很自然地陷入其迷人的模式

And I saw how splendor can illuminate even the most abject vulnerabilities.

我看到光彩如何照亮最不幸的脆弱之处

During these 10 years, I had witnessed and learned

在这10年期间，我曾目睹和了解到

the terrifying joy of unbearable responsibility,

那些难以承受的责任，

and I had come to see how it conquers everything else.

我也看到了它如何克服一切苦难

And while I had sometimes thought the parents I was interviewing were fools,

我曾经有时会想，我正在采访的父母是傻瓜

enslaving themselves to a lifetime's journey with their thankless children

让自己踏上给不知感恩的孩子们一生为奴的旅程

and trying to breed identity out of misery,

试图从痛苦中获得身份认同

I realized that day that my research had built me a plank

我意识到，从研究开始那天起，我已建造了一块踏板

and that I was ready to join them on their ship.

随时准备着与他们同舟共济

Thank you.

谢谢

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