中国共产党百年历史：评价一个伟大国家的震撼崛起
哈立德·泰米尔·阿克拉姆
人类命运共同体巴基斯坦研究中心主任
巴基斯坦全球战略研究中心（CGSS）执行主任
中国共产党是中华人民共和国国家统一与社会经济发展的主要动力。1949年，中国共产党战胜国民党，将中国广大人民群众从腐败无能的国民党政府手中解放后，开创了社会经济发展与稳定的新时代，延续至今。本文重点介绍了中国共产党为中国发展与稳定所采取的改革政策和具有中国特色的方式。此外，本文强调了富有远见的中国领导人为促进世界和平、一体化和可持续发展而提出的包容性思想理念。
纵观世界历史，很少有革命运动能够在短时间内彻底改变一个民族和国家的发展的案例。中国共产党成立于1921年，是世界上最有影响力的政党之一。中国共产党超越了全球范围内一般的政治运动，于1949年将中国人民从软弱无能的旧政府中解救出来，实现国家统一团结，一直坚定地带领新中国迈向社会经济显著发展的新时代。从这个方面，我们需要了解中国共产党采取了哪些有效且谨慎的政策，才使中国成为世界上最强大的国家之一。许多专家认为，中国在过去70多年间的社会经济发展在很大程度上得益于中国共产党在经济政策改革方面采取的谨慎的措施。这些政策为数百万中国人摆脱失业和贫困提供了可能性。下面将详细描述这些观点：1. 中国作为世界上拥有最多人口的国家，中国共产党在消除贫困方面取得巨大成功：当人口与经济的增长速度不成比例时，对于任何政府而言都是很难提高公民素质的。例如，印度是世界第二人口大国，印度政府在过去几十年中一直在努力发展，然而贫困人口始终成为阻碍其成为发达国家的一大因素。自从毛泽东领导下的中国共产党于1949年取得革命胜利后，中国的贫困问题持续得到改善。之所以能够做到这一点，是因为在有远见和有能力的中国政府领导下，经济得到长期发展并且人民生活水平有了迅速提高。针对农村人口的发展已经形成了强有力的政策框架。它的存在为农村人口提供更好的设施，确保更好的就业机会和美好的生活方式。由于可持续发展政策和创新性的减贫计划，中国近年来的贫困人口比例已经变得微乎其微，并于2020年底彻底消除了绝对贫困（译者注）。在中国共产党领导建立中华人民共和国的初期，经济增长缓慢，主要依靠自给自足且缺少全球贸易伙伴和盟友。然而，尽管在20世纪60年代实现经济现代化和扩大经济发展的尝试中出现了一些小波折，70年代广泛的现代化改革开启了中国经济飞速发展的新时代，主要原因是中国共产党坚守了马克思列宁主义思想原则，并且以经济为一切发展的基础。随着中国共产党领导下的中国政府被世界接纳，以及在改革开放政策下与各国之间展开的相互投资和商业合作，一场经济发展的奇迹随之而来。在2001年中国加入世界贸易组织后，出口量有了前所未有的增长。毫无疑问，腐败与贪污等行为对任何一个国家而言都是严重危害其经济增长的。为了遏制这一现象，中国共产党先后制定了各项严厉的反腐败政策。2012年，富有远见的国家领导人习近平主席展开党内党外的反腐倡廉工作。在反腐败这场战役下，众多腐败官员被查处，也正是由于采取了这些迅速的措施，公众对中国共产党领导的反腐活动有了更加正面的认知。得益于成功的经济政策和长期的政治稳定，中国共产党已发展了超过9000万党员，活跃在全国各地。中国共产党已经成为联系中国广大人民群众的纽带。党已经转变为一个包含着工人、士兵、农民、学生、私营企业家和技术精英的大集体，这些共产党员对中国在世界范围内得到认可和赞扬的理念和政策十分有共鸣。进入21世纪，世界迅速发展成为一个地球村，经济发展的机遇层出不穷。对此，中国共产党为应对机遇与挑战采取了以下的政策措施：1. 提出“一带一路”倡议与“人类命运共同体”理念：人类命运共同体、文明对话等理念都是以全面的政策指导为基础而形成的。这些指导方针强调了共同实践、改革意愿和全球治理进程，融入进中国共产党的原则性政策中。中国主要提出和实施的这些理念都强调了所有合作伙伴的互利共赢和互惠合作。自2012年以来，该倡议已经展现出前所未有的发展和执行效率。中国及其盟友坚信，如果倡议得到切实执行与落实，将能够产出巨大的社会经济收益，并且使这些国家长期受益。中国共产党的领导已经充分察觉了这个时代下技术发展的必要性。在中共十九大上，习近平总书记在讲话中指出，“中国将建立以企业为主体，市场为导向的技术创新体系，为今后的发展奠定基础”。同时，他强调，中国共产党要“在政治上强大起来”，必须在“工作中熟练运用互联网在内的信息技术”。此外，在习近平主席的政治领导下，通过创新技术创业的努力重建中国经济的成效也得到了提高。在“中国制造2025”的口号下，现任政府鼓励国内企业发展本土技术。在习近平总书记的领导下，中国共产党积极参与国际事务，努力提高国际影响力与声望。此外，在过去几年里，开始采取有力地措施提高国内外的正面影响力。中国正在通过各项成果与实践提高其软实力，获得世界的认可与赞誉。中国共产党全心全意奉献，致力于使中国成为受到全球尊重的国家。全球许多的革命运动都在达成目的，产生了短期影响后逐渐销声匿迹，唯有中国共产党的思想和原则屹立不倒，为仍挣扎于经济与政治成果转化的其他国家点亮了一盏明灯。正值中国共产党成立一百周年之际，人类命运共同体巴基斯坦研究中心赞赏中国共产党和全体党员的决心、意志和智慧，展示了从贫困的废墟中站起的中国，一步一步奇迹般地走向繁荣，崛起成为国际公认的强国的勇气与力量。Hundred Years of Chinese Communist Party: Evaluation of Startling Rise of a Remarkable NationBy Mr. Khalid Taimur AkramDirector, Pakistan Research Center for a Community with Shared Future, Communication University of China (Beijing), ChinaThe Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the main driving force behind the national integration and the socio-economic development of the People's Republic of China. After liberating Chinese people from the whims of incompetent and corrupt Kuomintang (KMT) in 1949, CCP has ushered in a new era of socio-economic development and stability, which continues to this time. This article highlights the transforming policies and exceptional steps taken by the CCP for the development and stability of China. Moreover, the article highlights inclusive ideas advocated by the visionary Chinese leadership to promote peace, integration and sustainable development globally.Throughout history, the world has seldom seen revolutionary movements that have completely changed a nation’s course within a short period. The Chinese Communist Party, formed in 1921, can be aptly considered one of the most influential parties on this list. The CCP transcends beyond the confines of usual political movements found globally because liberated Chinese people from the weak and incompetent government’s shackles in 1949 but also united this nation to march towards an era of remarkable socio-economic development continues to this day. In this aspect, it is important to understand the effective and vigilant policies of the CCP that have put the country on top and became one of the world’s most powerful countries.Chinese Communist Party’s Significant Policies for Miraculous DevelopmentMany experts believe that China's socio-economic development over the past seven decades owes much to the vigilant implementation of CCP's revolutionary economic policies. The policies have provided the springboard for alleviating millions of Chinese citizens from the miseries of unemployment and poverty. The following points describe these achievements in detail: 1. CCP’s Success in Eradicating Poverty from Most Populous Country in the World: It is tough for any government to uplift its citizens when its population and economic growth are not proportional. For example, India is the second-most populous country in the world. It has tried to develop during the last few decades. However, its poor population has always impeded the way of its fabricated dream of becoming a developed country.Since the success of the Chinese Communist Party's revolution under Chairman Mao Zedong’s leadership in 1949, poverty levels have been consistently reduced in this country. This was possible because of the visionary and competent leadership that the long-term economic development and rapid improvement in living standards sustained to this date.[1]The cornerstone of the robust policy framework has been developing in China’s rural population. It exists by providing them better facilities, ensuring better employment opportunities and splendid lifestyles. The ratio of the population living in poverty has become negligible during recent years because of the sustainable policies and exceptional poverty alleviation plans.2. Unprecedented Socio-economic Development in China:When the CCP took control of the Chinese government in 1949, its economic growth was slow that mainly relied on self-sufficiency in the absence of any significant global trading partners and allies. However, despite the initial hiccups in attempts to modernize and expand the economy in the 1960s, widespread modernization reforms in the 1970s started an era of rampant economic development. The development can be attributed to the principle of Marxist-Leninist approach followed by the CCP, which affirms that the economy is the foundation for all kinds of development.With the acceptance of CCP led Chinese government worldwide and allowance of mutual investment and business opportunities with different countries under the open-door policy, a marvelous economic miracle has occurred[2]. After joining the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, Chinese exports have skyrocketed unprecedentedly.3. CCP’s Crackdown on Corruption and Monetary Embezzlement:There is no doubt that corruption and other such monetary crimes and practices are detrimental to any country’s economic growth. To keep this menace at bay, successive CCP made strict policies against corruption. The struggle against corruption was reinvigorated in 2012 when the visionary leader, President Xi Jinping, started to curb corrupt practices both inside and outside the party. Under this anti-corruption campaign, many Chinese officials have been investigated and punished so far. Due to these swift measures, the public perception vis-à-vis CCP led anti-corruption activities has seen a positive trajectory during recent times.[3]4. Integrating the Chinese Nation:Owing to the successful economic policies and sustained political stability, the CCP has become an integral binding force for the Chinese people, with more than 90 million active CCP members present all across the state. Thus, the party has thus transformed itself into a social aggregation including workers, soldiers, peasantry, and students, private entrepreneurs, and technological elites. These party members resonate with the popular ideas and policies which have made China globally recognized and praised.Significant Policies for Expediting Chinese Development in the 21st CenturySince the beginning of the 21st-century, the world has rapidly become a global village with rampant opportunities for economic development. In this regard, CCP’s efforts and policies, implemented to circumnavigate the challenges are mentioned in the following lines:1. CCP’s Initiatives of One Belt-One Road and A Community with Shared Future:The ideas like community with a shared future for mankind and dialogue of civilizations are based on comprehensive policy guidelines. These guidelines emphasized with a discourse that reflects common practice, willingness to change, and progress of global governance embedded in the principle policies of CCP. China’s main efforts to implement this vision emphasize on a win-win situation for all its partners and reciprocal cooperation with them.[4] Since 2012, this initiative has been implemented at an unprecedented pace. China and its allies believe that if this initiative is implemented in its letter and spirit, it can deliver substantial socio-economic dividends from which numerous countries can benefit themselves in the long run.2. The Policy of Technological Advancement in the 21st century: The efficacy and need for technological development in this era have been fully felt by the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. At the 19th party congress, President Xi Jinping said in his speech that ‘‘China would develop a market-oriented system for technological innovation in which enterprises are the main players to set the tone for the years ahead’. Simultaneously, for the Chinese Communist Party to be “politically strong,” he emphasized that it must “adeptly apply information technology, including the internet, in our work.” Moreover, under President Xi Jinping’s political leadership, efforts for the reconstruction of the Chinese economy through initiatives of innovative technological entrepreneurship have also been raised. Under the slogan “Made in China 2025”, the incumbent government has encouraged domestic companies to develop indigenous technology.3. Quest for Due Recognition on the International Stage:Under President Xi Jinping, the Chinese Communist Party has tirelessly participated in the development of prestigious stature in the nations’ comity. Furthermore, it has started to take robust steps during the last few years to develop its positive influence on domestic and international platforms. It is enhancing soft power through various new projects which have been praised by the world.The Chinese Communist Party has put its heart and soul into making China a globally respected country. Many other revolutionary movements globally have faded away after having short-term effects for the fulfillment of their agenda. However, the ideas and principles of CCP still stand tall as a lightning metaphor for a miraculous economic and political turnaround for other nations struggling to achieve their goals. Commemorating the hundred years of the Chinese Communist Party, we appreciate the determination, will, and ingenuity of the dedicated members of this Party, which have shown the grit to miraculously rise from the ashes of poverty to become an internationally recognized power. Copyright © Center for Global & Strategic Studies (CGSS), Islamabad[1]Chunshan, Mu. “China's Communist Party: 3 Successes and 3 Challenges.” thediplomat.com. The Diplomat, October 28, 2017. [2]Harrison, Virginia, and Daniele Palumbo. “China Anniversary: How the Country Became the World's 'Economic Miracle'.” bbc.com. BBC, September 30, 2019.[3]Davidson, Helen, and Rebecca Ratcliffe. “Most People in China Believe Corruption Falling, Says Transparency International.” theguardian.com. The Guardian, November 24, 2020. [4]Ming, Liu. “Xi Jinping's Vision of a Community with a Shared Future for Humankind: A Revised International Order?” nbr.org. The National Bureau of Asian Research (NBR), June 4, 2020.