【期刊专栏】A review of rechargeable batteries for portable ......
Abstract
Portable electronic devices (PEDs) are promising information‐exchange platforms for real‐time responses. Their performance is becoming more and more sensitive to energy consumption. Rechargeable batteries are the primary energy source of PEDs and hold the key to guarantee their desired performance stability. With the remarkable progress in battery technologies, multifunctional PEDs have constantly been emerging to meet the requests of our daily life conveniently. The ongoing surge in demand for high‐performance PEDs inspires the relentless pursuit of even more powerful rechargeable battery systems in turn. In this review, we present how battery technologies contribute to the fast rise of PEDs in the last decades. First, a comprehensive overview of historical advances in PEDs is outlined. Next, four types of representative rechargeable batteries and their impacts on the practical development of PEDs are described comprehensively. The development trends toward a new generation of batteries and the future research focuses are also presented.
Introduction
Nowadays, the information‐rich world is becoming more and more portable. With the huge demands for the timely and efficient delivery of global information, information collection and transmission require a portable information‐exchange platform for real‐time response. Portable electronic devices (PEDs) including mobile phones, portable computers, tablets, and wearable electronic devices are the most promising candidates and have promoted the rapid growth of information processing and sharing.
With the development and innovation of electronic technology, PEDs have been rapidly growing over the past decades. The primary motivation behind this activity is that PEDs are widely used in our daily life from personal devices to high‐technology devices applied in aerospace due to the ability to integrate and interact with a human, which have brought great convenience and epoch‐making changes, even becoming an indispensable part for almost every person.
In general, stable operated energy sources are mandatory in these devices to guarantee the desired performances.1 Besides, it is highly required to develop energy storage sources with high safety due to the portability of PEDs. With the growing demands of long runtime of PEDs, the capability of energy storage systems should be upgraded. Accordingly, exploring efficient, long‐life, safe, and large‐capacity energy storage devices is strongly requested to meet the current challenges of PEDs.
Electrochemical energy storage systems, especially rechargeable batteries, have been widely employed as the energy sources of PEDs for decades and promoted the thriving growth of PEDs.2, 3 To satisfy the continually high requirements of PEDs, significant improvements in electrochemical performances of rechargeable batteries have been attained.4-6 The rechargeable batteries of PEDs have gone through the lead‐acid, nickel‐cadmium (Ni‐Cd), nickel‐metal hydride (Ni‐MH), lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) batteries, and so on (Figure 1). Their specific energy and specific power are substantially improved as time goes on.
Figure 1 Schematic illustration of representative rechargeable batteries and their applications in traditional and emerging portable electronic devices
However, the current battery technology cannot fully catch up with the rapid growth of PEDs.7 The state‐of‐the‐art technology of rechargeable batteries for PEDs has exposed many drawbacks, that is, limited energy storage capacity, short cycle life, and high self‐discharge, which have become constrained bottleneck for the further development of PEDs.8-10 For instance, the high‐power consumption of multifunctional PEDs requires energy storage systems with higher energy, smaller volume, lighter weight, and longer operational time. However, it is challenging for current batteries to satisfy the ever‐increasing demands of emerging electrical and electronic equipment. Therefore, the rational design and production of novel batteries has been a relentless‐pursued goal for the future PEDs.
Tremendous efforts have been dedicated to improving the electrochemical performances of batteries. Significant progress has been made according to recent literatures.11-16 There are also numerous excellent reviews that cover the progress of battery technologies.17-31Nonetheless, few reviews are focusing on the overview of rechargeable batteries designed for PEDs. Considering the critical contribution of battery technologies to the development of PEDs, it is of great interest to summarize the progress of rechargeable batteries for PEDs in the past decades.
In this contribution, we aim to present and highlight how battery technologies contribute to the fast rise of PEDs. We start with a comprehensive overview of historical advances in PEDs. Four types of representative rechargeable batteries and their practical impacts on the development of different types of PEDs are described in detail. Particular attention is given to those traditional PEDs, such as mobile phones, laptops, digital camera, as well as the newly emerging PEDs, including wearable electronic devices and consumer drones. Finally, the current development trends of the battery technologies and the future opportunities are also presented.
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