如何挑战学术文章发表中的“盎格鲁中心论”并从中获得乐趣？

How to challenge Anglocentricity in academic publishing and have fun, too 

如何挑战学术文章发表中的“盎格鲁中心论”并从中获得乐趣？

短文作者：Ingrid Piller

翻译：张洁、李佳

(短文出处：https://www.languageonthemove.com/how-to-challenge-anglocentricity-in-academic-publishing/)

2011年11月跨文化交际应用研究会

(中南财经政法大学外国语学院举办) 

（从左到右：李佳、张洁、Ingrid Piller, Kimie Takahashi,  郭建、Jackie Chang）

Piller, Reflections on linguistic and epistemic justice, Keynote SIETAR 2022

US- and UK-based scholars dominate linguistics
英美学者在语言学研究方面居主导地位

Global academic knowledge production is dominated by the Anglosphere. In Linguistics, for example, scholars based in the USA and UK produce more academic publications than scholars from the next eight top-10 countries combined. Not only do American and British scholars produce a lot more linguistics research than everybody else, their work is also much more influential as the comparatively high h-indexes of linguists from these countries indicate.

盎格鲁圈在全球知识生产方面居主导地位。以语言学为例，英美学者发表的学术文章比排名前十的其他八个国家的学者加起来还要多。英美学者在语言学方面取得的研究成果不仅远多于其他人，相对其他国家语言学者来说其研究成果具有高被引指数，更具影响力。

55% of the 100 most cited scholars under each of the keywords “Applied Linguistics” and “Sociolinguistics” with a Google Scholar profile are affiliated with a US or UK institution. To put this figure in perspective: the population of the USA and UK together accounts for 5.12% of the global total. In other words, linguists from these two countries are massively overrepresented among the thought leaders in our field.

在谷歌学术档案中的前100高被引“应用语言学”和“社会语言学”学者中，有55%隶属于美国或英国学术机构。与这一数字相比，英美两国人口仅占全球总人口的5.12%。可见，来自这两个国家的语言学家在该领域的思想领袖中所占比例明显过高。

By contrast, not a single applied linguist or sociolinguist based at a university in Mainland China is among the 100 most highly cited scholars in “Applied Linguistics” and “Sociolinguistics.” To put this figure in perspective: China accounts for 18.47% of the global population.

相比之下，“应用语言学”和“社会语言学”前100高被引学者中，没有一位来自中国大陆的高校。然而，中国人口占全球总人口的18.47%。、

Challenging the Anglophone publication monopoly
挑战盎格鲁圈在文章发表中的垄断地位

For multilingual scholars, i.e. those with English as an additional language in their repertoire, particularly if they are based outside the Anglosphere, the stats above can be pretty demoralizing. Publication in “top-tier” journals and impact metrics have become central to hiring, promotion, and funding decisions in the neoliberal academy worldwide. Yet, despite the meritocratic rhetoric, the playfield is obviously far from level and multilingual scholars based in global peripheries labor “under a heavy mountain.” 

对于多语学者而言（即将英语作为附加语言，特别是不属于盎格鲁圈的学者），上述数据可能令人倍受打击。“顶刊”文章和期刊影响力指标已经成为当今世界新自由主义学术界招聘、晋升和科研资助决策的重要衡量标准。然而，不管那些精英主义的言论如何声辩，学术竞争环境远没有实现公平，全球边缘地区的多语学者正背负着“沉重的负担”。

The burden is intensified by the fact that academic publishing can very much look like a black box. While advice on how to get published abounds, what is missing are positive case-studies that showcase experiences of multilingual peripheral scholars challenging their linguistic and epistemic exclusion.

学术文章发表在很大程度上就像一个黑匣子，这加重了全球边缘地区多语学者的负担。虽然关于如何发表文章的建议比比皆是，但缺少的是正面案例研究，以展示全球边缘地区多语学者挑战语言和认知排斥的经验。

A look into the black box of academic publishing
探究学术文章发表的黑匣子

In a new article titled “Peripheral multilingual scholars confronting epistemic exclusion in global academic knowledge production,” which has just been published in Multilingua, my colleagues Jenny Zhang and Jia Li provide precisely such a positive case study.

近期，我和张洁、李佳在Multilingua 期刊上发表了一篇题为“边缘地区多语学者应对全球学术知识生产中的认知排斥”的文章。在文章中，我们提供了这样一个正面的案例研究。

As regular readers of Language on the Move will remember, in 2020, we co-edited a special issue of the highly-ranked international sociolinguistics journal Multilingua devoted to “Linguistic Diversity in a Time of Crisis.” To the best of our knowledge, this was the first concentrated effort in the field to address the language and communication challenges raised by the COVID-19 pandemic in English. The special issue centered on research from the Chinese world and by Chinese and South Korean scholars.

经常阅读Language on the Move 的读者会记得，2020年我们为著名的国际社会语言学期刊Multilingua 合编了一本专刊，专门讨论《危机时期的语言多样性》。据我们所知，这是国际语言学领域英文界第一次汇集各方力量尝试回应和解决新冠疫情给语言和交流带来的挑战。该专刊聚焦中国视角和中国学者的研究。

The special issue has been widely read, is already well cited. In addition to its topical exploration, it also constitutes a contribution to intercultural dialogue in applied and sociolinguistics.

目前为止，该专刊受到学界的广泛关注并被多次转引。除了专题探讨之外，该专刊还对应用语言学和社会语言学的跨文化对话做出了贡献。

Reflecting on the process that led to the publication of the special issue, we felt that it contained several lessons for linguistic and epistemic justice in our field. In “Peripheral multilingual scholars confronting epistemic exclusion in global academic knowledge production” we make those lessons explicit in the form of a collaborative autoethnography that illuminates the process behind the product.
回想当初出版该专刊的过程，我们认为其包含了有关语言和认知公正的若干经验和启示。在“边缘地区多语学者应对全球学术知识生产中的认知排斥”一文中，我们将这些经验和启示以合作性自我民族志的形式展现出来，阐明该专刊背后的写作和发表过程以及支撑这一过程的关键要素。

In the article, we reflect on enabling personal and academic networks, textual scaffolding, and linguistic and epistemic brokerage. And we have three take-home messages.
该文章从构建个人和学术网络、文本支架以及语言和认知中介三个方面进行了反思，其中有三个核心内容。

Against the center vision of “global” academic knowledge
反对“全球”学术知识的核心地区观

The dominant vision of linguistic research is solely focused on the central circuit of academic knowledge production. Efforts at global knowledge transfer almost always move outward from this central circuit. In this vision, sharing center knowledge with the periphery is considered transformational. By contrast, Linguistic Diversity in a Time of Crisis demonstrated that some of the most exciting developments in contemporary applied sociolinguistics, such as the development of emergency language services  in China, are located outside the center. 

当前，语言学研究的主流观点仅聚焦学术知识生产的核心地区。全球知识转移几乎都是从核心地区向外推进。这种观念认为只有核心地区与边缘地区分享的知识才具有革新意义。相反，《危机时期的语言多样性》专刊的研究成果表明，当代应用社会语言学中一些最令人振奋的发展，例如中国应急语言学的发展，并不出现在核心地区。

Knowledge flows in many directions and many circuits. Engaging with multi-directionality and multi-scalarity requires the kind of networks and teamwork we were able to bring to bear.

知识并不是单向转移的，而是沿多个方向在多个区域之间流动。因此，这种知识流动的多向性和多区域性要求我们尽其所能构建多种学术网络，发挥团队合作力量。

For community building and an ethics of care
支持合作建设和关爱伦理

Within circuits of knowledge production, peripheral multilingual knowledge producers are assigned seemingly perpetual status as international students, academic novices, visiting scholars, junior partners, and interlopers in center institutions. These positionings ultimately preclude deep engagement.
在知识生产的学术圈里，边缘地区的多语学者常被固化为核心地区机构的留学生、学术新手、访问学者、初级合作伙伴和外围人员等身份。这些定位最终妨碍了此类学者深度参与到全球知识生产之中。

The foundation of our joint work goes beyond academic collaboration and is based on longstanding personal friendship. We consider recognition of the affective dimensions of knowledge production and the importance of ethical relationships of care vital to the decolonization of knowledge.
我们的合作成果不仅基于学术合作，更是建立在长期的个人友谊之上。我们认为承认知识生产的情感维度和关爱的伦理关系对知识的去殖民化至关重要。

https://twitter.com/Lg_on_the_Move/status/1248417412317204483 

Confronting privilege
挑战特权

Jenny, Li Jia, and I each write from different points in our career and from different points of inclusion and exclusion in various centers and peripheries. The same is true for all academics and each of us has a responsibility to center questions of linguistic and epistemic justice in whichever position we may find ourselves.
我、张洁和李佳各自在我们职业生涯的不同时期，对不同核心地区和边缘地区的语言与社会包容和排斥问题开展写作。我们每位学者均有责任从我们所处的位置思考语言和认知公正的相关问题。

For us, this has involved building and engaging with various networks, collaborating across borders and generations, creating publication opportunities, and volunteering our time and expertise to act as linguistic and epistemic brokers.
对我们来说，这涉及构建和参与各种学术网络，展开跨境合作和跨代际合作，创造各类发表机会，以及主动贡献我们的时间和专业知识以充当语言和认知中介。

Reference
参考文献

To read our collaborative autoethnography about linguistic and epistemic justice in global academic publishing in full head over to Multilingua:
阅读我们关于全球学术文章发表中语言和认知正义的合作性自我民族志文章，请访问Multilingua。

Piller, Ingrid, Zhang, Jie, & Li, Jia. 2022. Peripheral multilingual scholars confronting epistemic exclusion in global academic knowledge production: a positive case study. Multilingua. [free access]
Piller, Ingrid, Zhang, Jie, & Li, Jia. 2022. Peripheral multilingual scholars confronting epistemic exclusion in global academic knowledge production: a positive case study 【边缘地区多语学者应对全球学术知识生产中的认知排斥：积极的案例研究】,Multilingua. 【免费获取】 

以下是Ingrid Piller 参加欧洲学术会议的主旨发言视频，发言内容记录Piller, Zhang & Li (2022)这篇文章的相关内容，视频网址：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ScMbjsCjSk

i As of April 17, 2021. This includes some duplicates as scholars who appear both under “Applied Linguistics” and “Sociolinguistics” were counted in each category.

ii 截至2021年4月17日。这一数据包括了重复出现的学者，这些学者同时出现在“应用语言学”和“社会语言学”类目下，在两个类目中各被统计了一次。

END

YNU外国语言学及应用语言学中心

排版：薛美春 宋函笑 杨鸿梅

审核：李佳