原创 新人教版核心词汇全方位拓展 必修B3U2

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1. illustrate

2.tend

3.saving

4.energetic

5.replace

6.complain

7.operation

8.appoint

9.respond

10 flexible

1.illustrate

/ˈiləstreit/ vt.

【paraphrase】

vt. to add pictures ,diagrams etc.to a book or magazine; to explain or make sth clear by using examples,pictures or diagrams

vt.（举例）说明,阐明;给（书或文章）加插图

【formation】

三单: illustrates         过去式: illustrated     过去分词: illustrated   

现在分词:illustrating   同根词：illustration n. [U] 图解，图示 /

illustrator n. [C]插画师

【多元例句】

例1：What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning Dr. Lin’s life chioces?

--- 教材原句 P16

例2：In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean.   

--- 2021 年全国乙卷阅读理解C                    

例3：CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history, beautifully illustrated and full of unbelievable facts.

 --- 2017年江苏卷阅读A

例4：He found the page, and turned excitedly to the article.This, too, was illustrated

by a rather bad cartoon

--- Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix 5《哈利·波特与凤凰社》

例5：I always illustrate my lecture with a lot of technical examples.

--- Brave new world《美丽新世界》

例6：“What Does LittleCrocodile Say?” (Tundra,40 pages, $17.99), written and illustrated by Eva Montanari,offers lots of scope for amusing noises.

THE WALL STREET JOURNAL. Saturday/Sunday, June 19 - 20, 2021 | C11

【短语互译】

1.有插图的课本 ____________

2.阐明某人的观点 ____________

【句子翻译】

1.为了说明我的观点，我跟你讲个小故事。

_____________________________________________

2.这本书有100 多幅插图和照片。

_____________________________________________

3.你能给我一个例子说明你的意思吗？

_____________________________________________

【短语互译】

1.an illustrated textbook  有插图的课本

1. to illustrate one’s point 阐明某人的观点

【句子翻译】

1. 为了说明我的观点，我跟你讲个小故事

To illustrate my poine, let me tell you a little story.

2. 这本书有100 多幅插图和照片。

Over a hundred pictures and photos illustrate the book.

3. 你能给我一个例子说明你的意思吗？

Can you give me an illustration of what you mean ?

2.tend

/tend/ vt.

【paraphrase】

vt.to look after sb/sth; to usually do or be sth ;used for giving your opinion in a polite way

vt. 照顾,照料vi.倾向,趋于

【formation】

 名词复数: tendencies     三单: tends       过去分词: tended   

现在分词: tending        同根词tendency n.[C] 趋势，倾向

【多元例句】

例1：She was more interested in tending patients, publishing medical research on care for women and children, and training the next generation of doctors.

--- 教材原句P17  

例2： These days, safety regulations-not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities（容量）slightly lower.  

---2021年全国乙卷英语试题 阅读理解A                 

例3：Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.  

---2020年全国卷II阅读B

例4：“It would tend to give you an edge,” agreed Lupin gravely.

--- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows 7《哈利·波特与死亡圣器》

例5：May I ask to what these questions tend? 我能问问这些问题是什么意思吗

--- Pride And prejudice《傲慢与偏见》   

例6：The price of the precious metal tends to decline  when investors anticipate rates rising and - yield bearin investments becoming more attractive.

当投资者预期利率将上升，而承担收益的投资将变得更具吸引力时，贵金属的价格往往会下降。THE WALL STREET JOURNAL. A2 | Saturday/Sunday, June 19 - 20, 2021

【短语互译】

1.tend to/toward sth ___________

2.tend to do sth ____________

3. tend(to) the sick ____________

4.a tendency towards /to ____________

5. (委婉发表意见) 倾向于____________

【句子翻译】

1.忙中不免出错。

_______________________________________________________________________________

2.合作已经成为当今世界经济发展的潮流和趋势。

_____________________________________________________________________

3.那条路常常是车水马龙。

_____________________________________________________________________

【短语互译】

1. tend to/toward sth 倾向于……..；有…….的趋势

2. tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会做某事

3. tend (to) the sick 护理病人

4. a tendency towards /to 趋向

5. a tendency towards /to tend to think (委婉发表意见) 倾向于

【句子翻译】

1. 忙中不免出错。

We tend to make mistakes when we do things in a hurry.

2. 合作已经成为当今世界经济发展的潮流和趋势。

The cpoperation has become the tendency of economic development in the world.

3. 那条路常常是车水马龙。

There tends to be a lot of heavy traffic on that road.

3.saving

/ˈseiviŋ/ n.

【paraphrase】

 n. an amont of time ,money ,etc.that you don’t have to use or spend; [pl.]money that you have saved for future use 

n. [C] 节省物,节省,节约 [pl.] 储蓄金,存款 

【formation】

名词复数: savings   三单: saves   过去式: saved   过去分词: saved     

现在分词: saving  同根词：saver n.(储户) / save v.(挽救，拯救；节省，节约；储蓄;保留，保存；避免，免得)       

【多元例句】

例1：Since she had no childre of her own,she left her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors.

---教材原句B3 P217 

例2:  We  all need to get involved in saving energy  _____it’s at work, at home, or at school.

A．unless  B．once C．whether D．because

--- 2021年天津卷

例3：Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground.

   ---2019年北京卷阅读B

例4：Mad-Eye Moody was now sitting at the kitchen table swigging from a hip flask, his magical eye spinning in all directions, taking in the Dursleys' many labour-saving appliances. 

--- Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix 5《哈利·波特与凤凰社》

例5：It may seem very extravagant ,but I could afford it with my own savings.

---牛津上海版高二课本    

例6：See cost and savings info at RYBELSUS.com, and ask your healthcare provider about•RYBELSUS® today.

--- Reader’s digest 2021-07&08  

【短语互译】

 1.a saving on energy ____________

 2.a saving of sth on sth ____________

3.开储蓄账户____________

4.save face ____________

【句子翻译】

1. 我们的积蓄都存在银行里。

_____________________________________________________________________

2. 甩卖价格和平常价格相比省了25%。

_____________________________________________________________________

3. 我在本地银行开了一个储蓄账户。

_____________________________________________________________________

【短语互译】

1. a saving on energy 能源节约

2. a saving of sth on sth 在……上节省的量

3. open a savings account开储蓄账户

4. save face 保全面子

【句子翻译】

1. 我们的积蓄都存在银行里

All our savings are in the bank.

2. 甩卖价格和平常价格相比省了25%。

The sale price represents a saving of 25% on the usual price.

3. 我在本地银行开了一个储蓄账户。

I opened a savings account at my local bank .

4.energetic

/ˌenəˈdʒetik/ adj.

【paraphrase】

adj. full of or needing energy and enthusiasm

adj. 精力充沛的,充满活力的;需要能量的  

【formation】

名词复数: energies   同根词：energy n.(复数)精力；力量  [U] 活力，

干劲； 能量，能源 / energetically adv. 精力充沛地，积极地

【多元例句】

例1：One of advantages of  hiring energetic and positive young people is that they  tend to show interest in their work and they are eager to learn.

--- 教材原句B3 P17  

例2:  Running is cheap，easy and it's always   69  (energy)．

--- 2018全国1卷语法填空                  

例3：Why does Chris look fresh and energetic?

--2004年全国卷

例4：I move that the meeting adjourn, for the immediate adoption of more energetic remedies--'`Speak English!' said the Eaglet.

--- Alice in the wonderland《爱丽丝梦游仙境》

例5：Driven by energetic arms ,the longboat flew on its trail.

---Seabed 20,000 miles《海底两万里》

例6：With great energy, but it is a subject which always makes a lady energetic.

--- Pride And prejudice《傲慢与偏见》   

【短语互译】

1. apply/devote/put one’s energies into/to sth ____________

2. Full of energy ____________

3.low-carbon/renewable energy ____________

【句子翻译】

1.我放弃性格开朗且精力旺盛。

_______________________________________________________________________________

2.他总是充满活力。

_____________________________________________________________________

3.慢跑是一种运动量很大的锻炼方式。

_____________________________________________________________________

【短语互译】

1. apply/devote/put one’s energies into/to sth把精力投入到某事中

2. Full of energy 充满活力

3. low-carbon/renewable energy低碳/可再生能源

【句子翻译】

1. 我放弃性格开朗且精力旺盛

My father is lively and energetic.

2. 他总是充满活力。

He always full of energy.

3. 慢跑是一种运动量很大的锻炼方式。

Jogging is a very energetic form of exercise.

5. replace

/riˈpleis/ vt.

【paraphrase】

vt. to take the place of sb/sth; to exchange sb/sth for sb/sth that is better or newer; to put sth back in the place where it was before

vt.接替,取代,更换;把……放回原处  

【formation】

 名词复数: replacements  三单 replaces      过去式: replaced     

过去分词：replaced      现在分词: replacing   同根词：replacement n. [C]替换的人或物 [U] 更换；更替

【多元例句】

例1：The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the sectetary.  

--教材原句 B3 P17 

例2:  As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. 

--- 2021年天津卷阅读理解B                  

例3：“We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. 

  --- 2020年全国卷I阅读D 

例4："Well, they'll never replace brooms in Britain, will they?"  said Bagman.  

--- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire 4《哈利·波特与火焰杯》

例5：She replaced us,-She replaceed you.

---Toy Story《玩具总动员》

例6：Delta Air Lines Inc. is hiring 1,300 permanent staffers to take customer calls to help replace workers who left last year.

--- THE WALL STREET JOURNAL. B2 | Saturday/Sunday, June 19 - 20, 20

【短语互译】 

1.replace sth with/by sth ____________

2.replace sb as… ____________

3.replace=（同义词组替换）_____________________________________________

【句子翻译】

1.杂志阅读后请放回原处。

_____________________________________________________________________

2.我们乐意为你更换这台收音机。

_____________________________________________________________________

3.网上聊天不能代替面对面交流。

_____________________________________________________________________

【短语互译】 

1. replace sth with/by sth用……替换

2. replace sb as…取代某人

3. replace=（同义词组替换） replace=take the place of=take one’s place=in place of

【句子翻译】

1. 杂志阅读后请放回原处。

Replace the magazines after reading.

2. 我们乐意为你更换这台收音机。

We’d happy to replace the radio for you .

3. T网上聊天不能代替面对面交流。

Talking online is no replacement for face- to-face contact.

6.complain

/kəmˈplein/ v. vi.&vt.

【paraphrase】

v. to say that are satisfied with or happy about sth; to say that you have a pain or illness

 vi.&vt.(不用于被动语态)抱怨,发牢骚；主诉（病情）

【formation】

名词复数:  complaints    三单: complains       过去式: complained     过去分词: complained     现在分词: complaining 同根词complaint n. [C&U] 抱怨，不满，投诉 [C] 抱怨/投诉的事   

【多元例句】

例1： “Why should girls learn so much? Finding a good husband should be their final goal !” her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees.

---教材原句 B3 P16  

例2: Dad never complained about unfairness.

--- 2021 年7月浙江省英语试题读后续写

例3：The students began complaining about how cold it would be.

--2021全国统一考试天津卷阅读D

例4：Harry still had two of them left, and so, looking forward to a real breakfast when he got back upstairs, he ate his grapefruit without complaint.

--- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire 4《哈利·波特与火焰杯》

例5： But I’m tougher, and I complain less.

--- Desperate Housewives Season 3《绝望的主妇》第三季

例6：As for my golf complaint,one of my new cousins phoned me one day to say thathe had found a set of golf clubs that had belonged to my father when he was young.

--- THE WALL STREET JOURNAL. C4| Saturday/Sunday, June 19 - 20, 2021  

【短语互译】

complain(to sb) about/of sth ___________

complain(to sb)+(that)从句 ___________

make a complaint against ____________

【句子翻译】

1.我确实没什么可抱怨的。

_______________________________________________________________________________

2.你为什么不投诉吵闹的邻居呢？

_____________________________________________________________________

3.我对你给我的旅馆房间有许多不满。

_____________________________________________________________________

4.如果没能让您满意，请向园区所有者投诉。

_____________________________________________________________________

【短语互译】

1. complain(to sb) about/of sth  (向某人)抱怨某事

2. complain(to sb)+(that)从句 (向某人)抱怨

3. make a complaint against 投诉

【句子翻译】

1. 我确实没什么可抱怨的。

I’ve really got nothing to complain of.

2. 你为什么不投诉吵闹的邻居呢？

Why don’t you make a complaint against your noisy neighbours?

3. 我对你给我的旅馆房间有许多不满。

I have a number of complaints about the hotel room you’ve given me.

4. 如果没能让您满意，请向园区所有者投诉。

If you can’t get any satisfaction, complain to the park owner.

7.operation

/ˌɔpəˈreiʃn/ n.

【paraphrase】

n.the process of cutting open a patient’s body;a bussiness or company；an organized activity

n. [C]手术; [C]企业，团体; [C&U]经营,运营；[U]运行，运转；[C]行动 

【formation】

 名词复数: operations    三单:operates         过去式:operated 

过去分词:operated       现在分词:operateing  同根词operate v.运行，运转；操作，使用；起作用，奏效；动手术；经营，管理      

【多元例句】

例1：During the operation,she sat in the waiting room for over an hour worrying   about her.                                      

  ---教材原句B3 P18  

例2: We had a woman patient who was recovering from a knee replacement operation.

-- 2021 年全国乙卷完形填空                   

例3：A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure (基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050.

 --- 2018年北京卷阅读D

例4：I was about to propound a question, touching the manner in which that operation of changing my heart was to be performed, when Mrs. Reed interposed, telling me to sit down; she then proceeded to carry on the conversation herself.

--- Jane Eyre《简·爱》

例5：Yeah,Iknow! What kind of operation are you running?

--- Rick and Morty Season《瑞克与莫蒂》第二季

例6：But the experience at many of these built-for-tourist operations usually reflects few of the realities of ranch life.

 --- THE WALL STREET JOURNAL. D1| Saturday/Sunday, June 19 - 20, 2021     

【短语互译】

1. in operation ____________

2. come into operation ____________

3. operation on ___________

4. 联合国营救行动___________

5. 实施；使……运转；启用____________

6. 动手术____________

7. 庞大的跨国公司____________

【句子翻译】

1.有3步电梯在运行。

_______________________________________________________________________________

2.学校开学已经好几天了。

_____________________________________________________________________

3.新交规从 下月起实施。

_____________________________________________________________________

【短语互译】

1. in operation在运行

2. come into operation投入运营

3 operation on…….的手术

4. UN rescue operations联合国营救行动

5. put …into operation实施；使……运转；启用

6. have an operation动手术

7. a huge international operation庞大的跨国公司

【句子翻译】

1. 1.有3步电梯在运行。

 There are three lifts in operation.

2. 学校开学已经好几天了。

The school has now been in operation for sevreal days.

3. 新交规从 下月起实施。

The new traffic rules come into operation from next month.

8.appoint

/əˈpɔint/ v.

【paraphrase】 

v. to choose sb for a job or position; to arrange or decide on sth

v.任命,委派;安排,确定

【formation】

三单: appoints      过去式: appointed    过去分词: appointed  

现在分词: appointing  同根词：appiontment n.[C&U] 预约，约会;[C](委任)职位，职务;[U]任命，委任

【多元例句】

例1：In 1941, Dr Lin become the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of PUMCHospital, but just a few months later, the deparment was closed because of the war.

--- 教材原句B3 P16  

例2:  They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. 

--- 2018年北京卷阅读D

例3：The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.

 --- 2021 年全国新高考 I 卷英语试题阅读C

例4："The appointment - or suspension - of the headmaster is a matter for the governors, Fudge," said Mr. Malfoy smoothly.

--- Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets 2《哈利·波特与密室》

例5：If you not have one , we ‘ll appoint one for you .

--- Desperate Housewives Season 4《绝望的主妇》第四季

例6：The museum was established in 1884, and a condition set by its benefactor, Gen Augustus Henry Lane-Fox Pitt-Rivers, was that the university should appoint a lecturer in the new science of anthropology.

--- THE WALL STREET JOURNAL. C9| Saturday/Sunday, June 19 - 20, 2021   

【短语互译】

1.appiont sb as/to be ____________

2.appoint sb to do sth ____________

3.为某事约定时间____________

4.与某人约会/预约____________

5.守/爽约__________

【句子翻译】

1.他已经被派到委员会任职。

_______________________________________________________________________________

2.我们把庆祝会定在6 月的一天。

_____________________________________________________________________

3.我们约好11点半去看牙医。

_____________________________________________________________________

4.他在音乐系任职。

_____________________________________________________________________

【短语互译】

1. appiont sb as/to be 任命某人为

2. appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事

3. appoint sth for some time为某事约定时间

4. make an appointment with sb与某人约会/预约

5. keep/break an appointment守/爽约_

【句子翻译】

1. 他已经被派到委员会任职。

He has been appointed to the committee.

2. 我们把庆祝会定在6 月的一天。

We appointed a day in June for celebration.

3. 我们约好11点半去看牙医。

We have an appointment with the dentist at 11:30.

4. 他在音乐系任职。

He holds an appointment in the Music Department.

9.respon

/risˈpɔnd/ v.

【paraphrase】

v. to say or do sth as an answer or a reaction to sth;to have or show a good or quick reaction to sb/sth

vt.回答,回复vi.做出反应,回应     

【formation】

三单: responds         过去式: responded     过去分词: responded

现在分词: responding   同根词：response n. [C&U] 反应,回答,回复  

【多元例句】

例1：She responded, “I’d rather stay single to study all my life !”

---教材原句B1 P2  

例2： By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems (生态系统), small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys.  

  --- 2018年江苏卷阅读理解C                    

例3： The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.

 --- 2018年江苏卷阅读D

例4：“Who is he?” “The owner of Thornfield.” she responded quietly. “Did you not know he was called Rochester?” “Of course I did not- I had never heard of him before.”

--- Jane Eyre《简·爱》

例5：Well,I texted you, but you didn’t respond.

---The Big Bang Theory Season 10《生活大爆炸》第10季

例6：U.S. airlines got $54 billion in government aid so they could keep paying their workers and avoid furloughs and layoffs that would make it more difficult for them to respond to rising demand when the time came。 But carriers also encouraged many workers to retire。

---  THE WALL STREET JOURNAL. B2| Saturday/Sunday, June 19 - 20, 2021   

【短语互译】

1. make a response to__________

2. bring/produce response____________

3. respond sth with sth____________

4.回复信息 ___________

5.对……做出反应____________

6.对……做出反应____________

【句子翻译】

1.懂得基本的急救技能将有助于你对紧急情况做出迅速反应。

_______________________________________________________________________________

2.他点了点头回应我的微笑。

_____________________________________________________________________

3.对于我的询问，他没有给出任何回答。

_____________________________________________________________________

【短语互译】

1.make a response to对……做出反应

2.. bring/produce response 引起/产生反响

3.respond sth with sth回答；回应

4. respond to amessage回复信息

5.respond to对……做出反应

6. in response to对……做出反应

【句子翻译】

1. 懂得基本的急救技能将有助于你对紧急情况做出迅速反应。

Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.

2. 他点了点头回应我的微笑。

He responded to my smile with a nod.

3. 对于我的询问，他没有给出任何回答。

  He didn’t give any responses to my enquiry.

10 . flexible

/ˈfleksəbl/ adj.

【paraphrase】

adj.that can be changed easily

 adj.灵活的,可变通的 ;有弹性的，可弯曲的

【formation】

同根词flexibility n.[U] 柔韧性；灵活性  /  (反义) inflexible adj.

【多元例句】

例1：When asking/asked about their work schedule ,many people preferred more flexible work hours.

---教材原句 B3P22 

例2：Remember that goals are flexible. 

--- 2019年全国卷II七选五

例3：There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tech "Information Age" demands people who are flexible (灵活的) and who have good communication skills.

 --- 2004年全国卷I阅读D

例4：Some experts recommend stable, supportive shoes with cushioning, while others believe that flat, flexible, 

barefoot-style shoes are better at decreasing symptoms.

--- Reader s Dig est The Healthy60 july/august 2021 | rd.                

例5：Though flexible enough to be woven, banboo has a higher tensile strength than steel.

--Amazing China《美丽中国》    

例6：Here the honest but inflexible servant clapped the door to and bolted it within.

--- Jane Eyre《简·爱》

【短语互译】

1.有弹性的物质 ___________

2.灵活的计划表 ___________

3.弹性的工作时间 ___________

4.软包装 _________

【句子翻译】

1. 求职人员必须具备灵活处理问题的能力。

______________________________________________________________

2. 舞者要有柔韧性。

______________________________________________________________

3. 他们变得在语言学习上更灵活。

______________________________________________________________

【短语互译】

1. a flexible substance有弹性的物质

2. a flexible schedule灵活的计划表

3. a flexible working time弹性的工作时间

4. flexible package软包装

【句子翻译】

1. 求职人员必须具备灵活处理问题的能力。

Job candidates must show a flexible approach to problems.

2. 舞者要有柔韧性。

Dancers need to be flexible.

3. 他们变得在语言学习上更灵活。

They become much more flexible with language.

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