原创 新人教版核心词汇全方位拓展 X4U2

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UNIT 2

joint

straightforward

entitle

sponsor

distribution

temporary

frequency

violent

capacity

1. joint

/dʒɒɪnt/ n. adj. v.

【paraphrase】

n. 1. the shape or manner in which things come together and a connection is made

2. a disreputable place of entertainment

v. fasten with a joint

adj. united or combined

adj. 联合的，合办的；共同拥有的；连带的；连接的

n. 关节；接缝；（非正式）娱乐场所；

v. 连接，贴合

【formation】 

形容词 jointed 有接缝的；有节的，有关节的

副词 jointly 共同地；连带地

【多元例句】

例1: Bakeries, fast-food joints, butcher shops, cafes, and restaurants everywhere provide some of the premier food experiences in the world.   --- 教材原句 选必四 Unit2  P14

例2: Arts activity demands a joint effort. 

 ---  2018浙江卷 任务型阅读                    

例3：The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held a press conference in Beijing.

--- 2020江苏卷 阅读A

例4：With drooping heads and tremulous tails, they mashed their way through the thick mud, floundering and stumbling he between whiles, as if they were falling to pieces at the large joints. 

几匹马低着头、摇着尾，踩着深深的泥泞前进着，时而歪斜，时而趔趄，仿佛要从大骨节处散了开来。

--- A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》              

例5：But joint registration of property faces bureaucratic and social obstacles.

但是联合署名的房产面临着行政和社会的双重阻碍。  --- The Economist《经济学人》

【短语互译】

1. joint venture ____________________

2. joint responsibility _______________________

3. ankle joint _______________________

4. 共同努力_______________________

5. 联合行动_______________________

6. 联合声明______________________

【句子翻译】

1. 友谊，最纯真的情感已将我们连接。

_______________________________________________________________________________________

2. 人们普遍认为，在我们的共同努力下，中国将赢得这场战斗，并迅速恢复。(倡议类文章可用)

_______________________________________________________________________________________

3. 只有通过他们的共同努力，父母和孩子才能弥合他们之间的代沟。(议论文-亲情)

_______________________________________________________________________________________

【短语互译】

1. 合资企业；联合经营 joint venture

2. 连带责任 joint responsibility

3. 踝关节ankle joint

4. joint effort 共同努力

5. joint action 联合行动

6. joint statement 联合声明

【句子翻译】

1.友谊，最纯真的情感已将我们连接。

Friendship, the purest feeling made us joint together.

2. 人们普遍认为，在我们的共同努力下，中国将赢得这场战斗，并迅速恢复。

It's widely believed that with our joint efforts China will win the battle and make a quick recovery.

3.只有通过他们的共同努力，父母和孩子才能弥合他们之间的代沟。。

Only by their joint efforts can parents and children bridge the generation gap between them.

2. straightforward

[ streit'fɔ:wəd ] adj.

【paraphrase】

adj.:1. free from ambiguity

      2.without evasion or compromise

      3.without concealment or deception; honest

adj. 简单的；坦率的；明确的；径直的

【formation】

副词：straightforwardly 直截了当地；正直地

         straightforwards 笔直地；坦率地

名词：straightforwardness 坦率

【多元例句】

例1: They have a straightforward and free-and-easy attitude towards life, and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home wherever I went.   

--- 教材原句 选必四 Unit2  P15

例2: It was only when I tried to remove my head that I realized getting out was going to be less straightforward than getting in. 

 ---  2021年1月浙江卷 读后续写                    

例3：The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts.   

--- 2019全国I卷 阅读C

例4：As he brought these circumstances into view, with the greatest discretion and with the straightforward force of truth and earnestness, the Jury and the populace became one. 他依靠直接事实的威力和他自己的真诚，小心翼翼、字斟句酌地介绍了上述情况，于是陪审团的意见跟群众的意见统一了。

--- A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》              

例5：We want to be straightforward about this in terms of case numbers, but what matters more than anything is hospitalization and death numbers, and that is where the link has been severely weakened.

我们希望在病例数量上开诚布公，但比任何事情都重要的是住院和死亡人数，而这两者之间的联系已经被严重削弱。  

--- ---China Daily

【短语互译】

1. a straightforward task______________________

2. straightforward instinct ____________________

3. take a straightforward route to_______________________

4. 简单的过程_______________________

5. 一个诚实的年轻人_______________________

【句子翻译】

1.巧言不如直说。

_______________________________________________________________________________________

2.她直言不讳，非常坦率，也非常诚实。(人物性格描写)

_______________________________________________________________________________________

【短语互译】

1. a straightforward task 一项很容易完成的任务

2. straightforward instinct  天性

3. take a straightforward route to 径直去某地

4. a straightforward process简单的过程

5. a straightforward young man一个诚实的年轻人

【句子翻译】

1. 巧言不如直说。

A straightforward talk is better than a flowery speech.

2. 她直言不讳，非常坦率，也非常诚实。

She is very blunt, very straightforward, and very honest.

3. entitle

[ in'taitl ]vt.

【paraphrase】

v. 1.give the right to

2.give a title to

v. 给（某人）权利（或资格）；给……题名；称呼

【formation】

第三人称单数 entitles 现在分词 entitling 过去式 entitled 过去分词 entitled

名词 entitlement 权利；津贴   形容词 entitled 题名为，书名叫做… ；有资格的

【多元例句】

例1: Ethnic minority groups in China are often entitled to special funds from the government to help protect their cultural heritage.   

--- 教材原句 选必四 Unit2  P16

例2: A book entitled Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother was published in 2010.

一本名为《虎妈战歌》的书于2010年出版。

 ---  2011 广东卷  写作                 

例3：Doing so will entitle the ticket holder to unlimited free parking.

这样做可以使持票人享有无限的免费停车权。

--- 2017 邢台期末

例4："We're entitled to our Cheese."

“有拥有我们的奶酪的权力。”

--- Who moved my cheese?《谁动了我的奶酪》              

例5：Little girl, here is a book entitled the Child's Guide.小姑娘，这里有本书，题目叫《儿童指南》。 

 ---  Jane Eyre《简·爱》

例6：You're entitled to feel how you feel.

不管你有什么感觉都是没有问题的。

 --- 《生活大爆炸 第10季》

【短语互译】

1. export entitlement ______________________

2. entitlement to vote  ____________________

3. entitle sb to_______________________

4. 有权；有…的资格_______________________

5. 叫做,称为,题目是_______________________

【句子翻译】

1.他把这本书定名为《秘密花园》。

_______________________________________________________________________________________

2.众所周知，全职员工有权获得医疗保险。(议论文—社会)

_______________________________________________________________________________________

【短语互译】

1. export entitlement 出口权

2. entitlement to vote 投票权

3. entitle sb to 拥有…的权利

4. be entitled to do有权；有…的资格

5. be entitled 叫做,称为,题目是

【句子翻译】

1.他把这本书定名为《秘密花园》。

He entitled the book The Secret Garden.

2.众所周知，全职员工有权获得医疗保险。

It is widely known that full-time employees are entitled to receive medical insurance.

4. sponsor

[ 'spɔnsə ]n. vt.

【paraphrase】

v. provide funds for(a project or activity or the person carrying it out)

n. someone who supports or champions something

n. 赞助者；主办者；保证人

vt. 赞助；发起

【formation】

复数 sponsors 第三人称单数 sponsors 现在分词 sponsoring 过去式 sponsored 

过去分词 sponsored  名词：sponsorship 赞助；发起

【多元例句】

例1: Visitors can see these amazing creatures in their natural domain, and also sponsor an elephant to preserve its health and liberty.   

--- 教材原句 选必四 Unit2  P16

例2: The library may sponsor a language group you could join. 

图书馆可以赞助一个你可以加入的语言小组。

 ---  2020 天津卷  阅读A                 

例3：As is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows the parent to meet their program sponsor. 

如第4段所述，带孩子去听半小时的故事可以让家长见到他们的节目赞助商。

 --  2020 天津卷  阅读A   

例4：By Federation rules, all sponsors must remain anonymous.

根据协会规定，所有资助者必须隐名。

---《新概念英语.词汇随身听.第三册》            

例5：The rising profile of Chinese companies as sponsors of major international sporting events is catching the attention of spectators, and brand experts say the trend will only increase as more companies scale up their ambitions to go global.

中国企业作为大型国际体育赛事赞助商的地位越来越高，这引起了观众的注意。品牌专家表示，随着越来越多的企业扩大其走向全球的雄心，这一趋势只会越来越明显。 

---China Daily

【短语互译】

1. sponsor a bill  ______________________

2. sponsor an exhibition  ____________________

3. title sponsor ____________________

4. 项目发起人_______________________

5. 赞助费_______________________

【句子翻译】

1. 该节日由世卫组织发起。

_______________________________________________________________________________________

2.请问你们能赞助我开展我校的“帮助老年人”活动吗？

_______________________________________________________________________________________

3. 阿迪达斯是世界杯的官方赞助商，所以，它的标志出现在赛场上。

_______________________________________________________________________________________

【短语互译】

1. sponsor a bill 提出一项法案

2. sponsor an exhibition 主办一个展览

3. title sponsor冠名赞助商 ; 冠名单位 ; 冠名赞助

4. project sponsor 项目发起人

5. sponsorship fee 赞助费 ; 同意费

【句子翻译】

1.该节日由世卫组织发起。

The festival is sponsored by the World Health Organization.

2.请问你们能赞助我开展我校的“帮助老年人”活动吗？

Please could you sponsor me for my school's campaign for “Help the Aged”?

3.阿迪达斯是世界杯的官方赞助商，所以，它的标志出现在赛场上。

Adidas is an official sponsor of the World Cup, so its logo appears on the field.

5. distribution

[ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn] n.

【paraphrase】

n. 1. the action of sharing something out among a number of recipients

2.the way in which something is shared out among a group or spread over an area

3.the action or process of supplying goods to shops and other businesses that sell to consumers

n. 分布；分配；供应

【formation】

复数 distributions  名词：distributor 经销商   形容词：distributive 分配的；分布的；分发的   

动词：distribute 分配；散布；分开；把…分类

【多元例句】

例1: It has to be the kangaroo, as it has a wide distribution throughout the country.  

 --- 教材原句 选必四 Unit2  P19

例2: The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.   ---  2018  全国I卷  阅读C                 

例3：The distribution of big trees in California forests.     

 ---  2019浙江卷  阅读C 

例4：Good question. What's the marketing and distribution channels?

问的好，你的市场销售渠道呢？

---《生活大爆炸 第2季》           

例5：Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi said on Thursday that China stands ready to strengthen cooperation with Portugal and other European countries on research and development and fair distribution of vaccines and drugs, and jointly oppose "vaccine nationalism" and "political virus".

中国国务委员兼外交部长王毅周四表示，中国愿与葡萄牙等欧洲国家加强疫苗和药物研发和公平分配方面的合作，共同反对“疫苗民族主义”和“政治病毒”。

 ---China Daily

【短语互译】

1.population distribution _______________________

2.distribution center_______________________

3. distribution of sth  ______________________

4.资源分配  ____________________

【句子翻译】

1. 他尽量把工作平均分配给雇员。（even out 使均等）

_______________________________________________________________________________________

2. 志愿者们负责分发救济物资。（志愿者救灾活动可用）

_______________________________________________________________________________________3. 农村学校与城市学校的资源分配不平衡。(议论文—教育)

_______________________________________________________________________________________

【短语互译】

1.population distribution 人口分布

2.distribution center 物流中心

3.distribution of sth. 某物的分配

4. the distribution of resources资源的分配

【句子翻译】

1.他尽量把工作平均分配给雇员。

He tried to even out the distribution of work among his employees.

2.志愿者们负责分发救济物资。

Volunteers were in charge of the distribution of aid supplies.

3.农村学校与城市学校的资源分配不平衡。

The distribution of resources is unbalanced between rural and urban schools.

6. temporary

[ 'tempərəri ] adj.n.

【paraphrase】

n. a worker (especially in an office) hired on a temporary basis

 adj. 1.not permanent; not lasting2.lacking continuity or regularity

adj. 暂时的，临时的

n. 临时工，临时雇员

【formation】

副词：temporarily 临时地，临时   反义词：permanent 永久的

【多元例句】

例1: They sleep and drink milk in that temporary, protected environment until they are about seven or eight months old.    --- 教材原句 选必四 Unit2  P20

例2: Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.

 此外，有时pre-anger并不一定是一种持续的状态，而是在触发事件发生之前的一种暂时状态。 

---  2018  北京卷  七选五                

例3： Wuhan declared temporary outbound (向外的) traffic restrictions. 

---  2020江苏卷  阅读A 

例4：He would cover himself by saying, "There is a difference between being poor and being broke. - Broke is temporary, and poor is eternal."

他会说:“贫穷和破产之间是有区别的。破产是暂时的，贫穷是永恒的。”

 ---Poor Dad. Rich Dad《富爸爸穷爸爸》           

例5： The chain is drafting in 2,000 temporary employees to make up for the disruption.

该连锁公司正在招募2000名临时员工，以弥补这次中断。     

---China Daily

【短语互译】

1.temporary suspension _______________________

2.temporary worker _______________________

3. 临时避难所 ______________________

4. 达成临时协议 ____________________

【句子翻译】

1. 暑假期间我找到了一份挨家挨户送报纸的临时工作。

_______________________________________________________________________________________

2.春节的时候, 许多人都雇请临时工来打扫卫生。（议论文—社会）

_______________________________________________________________________________________

【短语互译】

1.temporary suspension暂停

2.temporary worker 临时工

3.temporary shelter临时避难所

4. reached a temporary agreement达成临时协议

【句子翻译】

1. 暑假期间我找到了一份挨家挨户送报纸的临时工作。

I found a temporary job during my summer vacation to deliver newspapers from house to house.

2.春节的时候, 许多人都雇请临时工来打扫卫生。

During the Spring Festival, many people hire temporary workers to do the cleaning.

7. frequency

[ 'frikwənsi ] n.

----frequent[ 'fri:kwənt, fri'kwent ]vt. adj.

【paraphrase】

v. 1. do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

2.be a regular or frequent visitor to a certain place

adj. 1. coming at short intervals or habitually

2.frequently encountered

adj. 频繁的；时常发生的；惯常的

vt. 常到，常去；时常出入于

【formation】

 第三人称单数 frequents 现在分词 frequenting 过去式 frequented 过去分词 frequented

比较级 more frequent 最高级 most frequent  名词 frequency  副词frequently

【多元例句】

例1:  If you want to hold a koala, you have to go to certain licensed zoos where animal experts make sure that the koalas selected for each session are in a good state for human contact and that they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions.    

--- 教材原句 选必四 Unit2  P20

例2: Frequent them and talk about them when you can. 

经常和他们交流，尽可能多地谈论他们。

 ---  2020年全国II卷  阅读D               

例3：Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.  

---  2018年全国I卷  阅读A 

例4： But joy soon effaced every other feeling; and loud as the wind blew, near and deep as the thunder crashed, fierce and frequent as the lightning gleamed, cataract-like as the rain fell during a storm of two hours' duration, I experienced no fear and little awe. 

然而喜悦抹去了一切其他感情。尽管在两小时的暴风雨中，狂风大作，雷声隆隆，电光闪闪，暴雨如注，我并不害怕，并不畏惧。

--- Jane Eyre《简·爱》      

例5： Lam stressed that the more frequent occurrence of natural disasters has reminded Hong Kong to promptly respond to extreme weather caused by global climate change.

林郑月娥强调，自然灾害日益频繁，提醒香港应迅速应对全球气候变化所造成的极端天气。     

---China Daily

【短语互译】

1.be of frequent [rare] occurrence_______________________

2.the frequent transition of weather_______________________

3. 常客；熟客 ______________________

4. 最常去的场所之一 ____________________

【句子翻译】

1. 游客们常去城郊的古庙游览。

_______________________________________________________________________________________

2. 他常常访问这个国家。

_______________________________________________________________________________________

3. 学生能够改正自己的错误，老师频繁的纠正会使孩子无法判断自己的作业。(议论文-教育)

_______________________________________________________________________________________

【短语互译】

1.be of frequent [rare] occurrence是常[少]有的

2.the frequent transition of weather天气的变化无常

3.frequent visitor 常客；熟客

4. one of the most frequented sites最常去的场所之一

【句子翻译】

1. 游客们常去城郊的古庙游览。

Tourists frequent the old temple at the suburbs of the city.

2. 他常常访问这个国家。

He's a frequent visitor to this country.

3. 学生能够改正自己的错误，老师频繁的纠正会使孩子无法判断自己的作业。

 Students are able to correct their own mistakes and teachers’ frequent correction will make children unable to judge their own work.

8. violent

[ 'vaiələnt ] adj.

【paraphrase】

adj. 1. involving or caused by physical force that is intended to hurt or kill sb

2. showing or caused by very strong emotion

3. very strong and sudden

adj. 暴力的；猛烈的；感情强烈的

【formation】 比较级 more violent 最高级 most violent  副词：violently 猛烈地，激烈地；极端地

名词：violence 暴力；侵犯；激烈；歪曲

【多元例句】

例1: Fortunately, despite their name, they are generally not violent towards people.  

 ---教材原句 选必四Unit2  P20

例2: However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. 然而，愤怒很容易演变成暴力，最好知道愤怒出现的原因，以防止它的存在。

 ---  2018年北京卷  七选五               

例3：Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might imitate the things they see. 

---  2018江苏卷  单项填空

例4：However, the storm was so violent that I saw, what is not often seen, the master, the boatswain, and some others more sensible than the rest, at their prayers, and expecting every moment when the ship would go to the bottom.

 这时风浪更加凶猛了，我看到了平时很少见到的情况：船长、水手长，以及其他一些比较有头脑的人都不断地祈祷，他们都感到船随时有沉没的危险。

--- Robinson Crusoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》     

例5： The White House has repeatedly claimed that it cares about Hong Kong's future and destiny, but it has openly voiced support for violent forces, criminals, mobs and extremists, who have severely endangered public safety in Hong Kong, disrupted the city's development and posed a grave threat to China's national security.

白宫一再声称关心香港的未来和命运，但却公开表示支持暴力势力、犯罪分子、暴民和极端分子，这些人严重危害香港公共安全，扰乱香港的发展，对中国国家安全构成严重威胁。

---China Daily

【短语互译】

1. violent crime_______________________

2. violent explosion _______________________

3. 强烈地震______________________

4. 急剧的变化 ____________________

5. 剧痛 ____________________

【句子翻译】

1. 公众的反应强烈。

_______________________________________________________________________________________

2. 图表显示，在过去十年中，美国大多数城市的暴力犯罪发生率实际上已经下降。

_______________________________________________________________________________________

3. 防止孩子变得暴力的最好方法是教育他们循规蹈矩和监督他们。（校园欺凌主题可用）

_______________________________________________________________________________________

【短语互译】

1. violent crime 暴力犯罪

2. violent explosion 剧烈的爆炸

3. violent earthquake 强烈地震

4. violent change 急剧的变化

5. violent pain 剧痛

【句子翻译】

1. 公众的反应强烈。

There was a violent reaction from the public.

2. 图表显示，在过去十年中，美国大多数城市的暴力犯罪发生率实际上已经下降。

The graph shows that the incidence of violent crime has in fact dropped in most US cities over the past decade.

3. 防止孩子变得暴力的最好方法是教育他们循规蹈矩和监督他们。

The best way to avoid children become violent is teach them to behave well and supervise them.

9. capacity

[ kə'pæsəti ] n.

【paraphrase】

n. 1. the number of things or people that a container or space can hold

2. the ability to understand or to do sth

3. the official position or function that sb has

n. 能力；容量；资格，地位；生产力

【formation】

 复数 capacities  

名词：capability 才能，能力；性能，容量  capacitance [电] 电容；电流容量

【多元例句】

例1:  It has a capacity to find food in the water by using electrical sensors in its bill.

---教材原句选必四 Unit2 P21

例2: For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites. 对于世界上最大的体育场，我们使用了迄今为止世界地图集列表提供的数据，该列表根据它们所声明的永久容量以及来自体育场官方网站的最新信息进行排名。 

---  2021年全国乙卷  阅读A               

例3：Bessie, Lee must, I think, have been a girl of good natural capacity, for she was smart in all she did, and had a remarkable knack of narrative; so, at least, I judge from the impression made on me by her nursery tales. 

我现在想来，贝茜.李一定是位很有天赋的姑娘，因为她干什么都在行，还有善讲故事的惊人诀窍，至少保育室故事留给我的印象，让我可以作出这样的判断。   

---  Jane Eyre《简·爱》

例4：Sydney Carton would never be a lion, he was an amazingly good jackal, and that he rendered suit and service to Stryver in that humble capacity. 

虽然西德尼.卡尔顿永远成不了狮子，却是一匹管用得惊人的豺狗，他为斯特莱佛办案子，做工作，扮演的就是那个卑贱的角色。

--- A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》      

例5： The new plant is equipped with 20 production lines and will produce at least 840 million units of eye drops annually after entering operations, which will significantly boost its capacity of manufacturing prescription ophthalmic solutions. 

新工厂拥有20条生产线，投产后每年至少可生产8.4亿支眼药水，将大大提高处方眼药水的生产能力。

---China Daily

【短语互译】

1. production capacity_______________________

2. intellectual capacity _______________________

3. a capacity crowd（of）______________________

4. a capacity of ____________________

5. 以全部力量；满功率，满负载 ____________________

6. 对某事／做某事的领悟（或理解、办事）能力____________________

【句子翻译】

1. 他的同事们都钦佩他的工作能力。

____________________________________________________________________________________

2. 工厂开始全力生产以满足需求。

_______________________________________________________________________________________

3. 这个水瓶内容量为2000毫升。

_______________________________________________________________________________________

4. 他能接受新想法。(人物介绍类文章可用)

_______________________________________________________________________________________

【短语互译】

1. production capacity 生产能力；生产力

2. intellectual capacity 智力

3. a capacity crowd（of） 满座，座无虚席

4. a capacity of 容纳

5. at full capacity 以全部力量；满功率，满负载

6. capacity for sth./capacity for doing sth对某事／做某事的领悟（或理解、办事）能力

【句子翻译】

1. 他的同事们都钦佩他的工作能力。

His co-workers admire his capacity for work.

2. 工厂开始全力生产以满足需求。

Factories start producing at full capacity to keep up with demand.

3. 这个水瓶内容量为2000毫升。

This bottle has a capacity of 2000ml.

4. 他能接受新想法。

He has the capacity to accept new ideas.

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