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学术访谈

Shen Anni & Dudley Andrew

标题：小说与电影的互动：达德利·安德鲁访谈录

Title: Fiction and Film in Interaction: An Interview with Dudley Andrew

内容摘要：达德利·安德鲁是北美比较文学与电影研究领域的著名元老级学者，前任耶鲁大学比较文学系主任。安德鲁教授以其对法国电影理论家安德烈·巴赞的相关研究享誉全球，也在其专著《电影是什么！》（2009）中提出了他自己的改编理论。他也是法语及英语文学、电影及哲学文化研究的顶级专家，著有九部专著，其中有七部被译为中文。由他编辑的最新文集《巴赞与电影改编：电影的文学想象》于 2022 年初出版，内容聚焦巴赞对小说与电影关联的思考。沈安妮在耶鲁大学比较文学系从事博士后研究期间对安德鲁教授进行了采访。访谈探索电影改编研究的五种方法、小说与电影的关联、以及当今文学与电影研究所面临的问题。

Abstract: Dudley Andrew, one of the doyens of comparative literature and film studies in North America and the former chair of the Department of Comparative Literature, Yale University, is best known for his ground-breaking work on the French film theorist André Bazin and his own formidable theories of adaptation in What Cinema Is! (2009). He is also a world-renowned expert on French and English literature, as well as cinematic and philosophical culture, evidenced by his nine monographs, seven of which have been translated into Chinese. In early 2022, he edited André Bazin on Adaptation: Cinema’s Literary Imagination, a volume of Bazin’s thoughts on the relation between fiction and film. This interview, conducted by Anni Shen while working as a postdoctoral fellow at Yale University, explores five approaches to adaptation studies, the relation between fiction and film, and the issues presently facing literary and cinematic academia.

文学伦理学批评关键词研究

聂珍钊

标题：伦理选择概念的两种涵义辨析

Title: Analyzing the Implications of Ethical Selection and Ethical Choice

内容摘要：伦理选择是文学伦理学批评理论体系和话语体系中的核心术语和概念。在中文语境里，伦理选择的术语表达两个概念：伦理选择阶段（ethical selection）和伦理选择活动（ethical choice）。前者指类人猿在获得人的形式后所经历的获取人的本质的文明阶段，后者指人在获取人的本质的过程中所进行的伦理选择活动。伦理选择由自由选择和道德选择构成。自由选择是本能的外在表现形式，是兽性因子发挥作用的结果。道德选择是理性的外在表现形式，是人性因子发挥作用的结果。外在的伦理选择活动不仅是文学文本内容的主要构成，而且也是伦理问题产生和进行道德评价的基础。内在的伦理选择活动通过人的心理活动过程表现出来。心理活动是人在心理层面进行伦理选择的表现形式，但是内在的心理选择活动和外在的伦理选择活动交织在一起。

Abstract: Ethical selection and ethical choice are two core concepts of Ethical Literary Criticism. Ethical selection is concerned with the process in which humans acquire their human nature after their evolution from apes, while ethical choice is concerned with actions humans take to acquire their human nature. Ethical choice consists of free choice and moral choice. Free choice is the external manifestation of instinct and the result of animal factors. Moral choice is the external manifestation of reason and the result of human factors. The external ethical choices are not only the main content of literary text, but also the basis of ethical issues and moral evaluations. The inner ethical choices are revealed through the process of human psychological activities, which may be perceived as manifestations of human beings’ ethical choices at the psychological level. But the inner psychological choices are interwoven with the external ethical choices.

吴 笛

标题：“斯芬克斯因子”溯源与阐释

Title: The Origins and Interpretations of the “Sphinx Factors”

内容摘要：“斯芬克斯因子”是文学伦理学批评理论中的重要概念，生成于古代神话斯芬克斯之谜。它蕴含着“人性因子”和“兽性因子”的对立和冲突，广泛运用于文学伦理学批评实践。“斯芬克斯因子”既有着丰富的理论渊源，也有着坚实的理论基础。其生成渊源和理论根基主要有进化论思想、美德伦理学理论，以及精神分析学说。“适者生存”的进化论思想体现了伦理意识在道德进化中的意义所在。美德伦理学理论说明，人类经过“自然选择”，在“伦理选择”中产生伦理意识之后，才会追求“美德”，才能“学以成人”。而弗洛伊德精神分析学说中的人格理论，与“斯芬克斯因子”的理论观点有着深邃的关联。文学作品中所呈现的“斯芬克斯因子”及其伦理冲突，是人类进步的体现，反映了人类的进化向善和自我认知。

Abstract: The “Sphinx factors” is an important concept in the theory of Ethical Literary Criticism, derived from the ancient mythological Sphinx’s riddle. As a concept that encompasses the opposition and conflict between the “human factor” and the “animal factor,” it is widely used in the practice of Ethical Literary Criticism. The concept of “Sphinx factors” has a rich theoretical origin and a solid theoretical foundation built upon evolutionary ideas, the theory of virtue ethics, and the theory psychoanalysis. The evolutionary idea of “survival of the fittest” embodies the significance of ethical consciousness in moral evolution. The theory of virtue ethics states that only after making their “natural selection” and generating their ethical consciousness through “ethical selection” can human beings pursue “virtue” and “learn to be human.” The personality theory in Freud’s psychoanalysis is deeply related to the concept of the “Sphinx factors.” The Sphinx Factors and their ethical conflicts presented in literary works embody human progress and reflect the human evolution toward goodness and self-awareness.

苏 晖

标题：后伦理选择时代的科学选择

Title: Scientific Selection in the Post-Ethical Selection Era

内容摘要：从文学伦理学批评之人类文明三阶段论视域出发，目前人类正在经历的由伦理选择向科学选择过渡的时期可被称为“后伦理选择时代”。通过对《仿生人会梦见电子羊吗？》《神经漫游者》《羚羊与秧鸡》《别让我走》《克拉拉与太阳》等科幻文学作品的研究可以发现，后伦理选择时代的科学选择究其实质仍是伦理选择，不仅由于科学选择的主体仍是伦理的人，基因编辑技术、克隆技术、人工智能技术等仍受到伦理道德规范的制约，而且科幻作品对科学选择的想象性描绘亦在伦理选择的视域中展开。同时，科学选择亦对伦理选择主体提出了诸多挑战，不仅违背了伦理选择主体的自然禀赋，可能侵犯其自主权、知情权和隐私权，而且也有可能构成对其生命和尊严的伤害，加剧伦理选择主体的分化与不平等，导致科学人与伦理人的关系发生异化并动摇人类的主体性地位。面对一系列科学选择带来的挑战，人类应坚持以真和善为伦理价值取向引领科学选择，以人类为主体建构一体多翼的后人类共同体，这既是人与自然和社会协调发展的需要，也是作为伦理选择主体的必然抉择。

Abstract: According to the theory of Ethical Literary Criticism regarding the three stages of human civilization, the period of transition from ethical selection to scientific selection that mankind is currently experiencing can be called the “post-ethical selection era”. Through a study of a few selected science fiction works, such as Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, Neuromancer, Oryx and Crake, Never Let Me Go, and Clara and the Sun, we can find that the scientific selection in the post-ethical selection era is still, in essence, ethical selection, not only because the subject of scientific selection is still the ethical man, and the technology for gene editing, cloning, and artificial intelligence is still restricted by ethical and moral norms, but also because the imaginative description of scientific selection in science fiction works is also executed within the perspective of ethical selection. At the same time, scientific selection poses many challenges to the subjects of ethical selection, probably violating their natural capabilities, infringing upon their right of autonomy, knowing, and privacy, and even causing harm to their life or dignity and aggravating the differentiation and inequality among them, which will, in turn, lead to the alienation of the relationship between scientific man and ethical man and shake the subjective status of human beings. To face the challenges from a series of scientific choices, human beings should adhere to the ethical value orientation of truth and goodness in making scientific choices and build an integrated and multi-winged post-human community with human beings as the main body. This is not only the need of the coordinated development of human, nature, and society, but also the inevitable choice for the subjects of ethical selection.

前沿理论与批评实践

金松林

标题：“片断缝接式写作”：晚期罗兰·巴特的小说观念

Title: “The Rhapsodic Writing”: Roland Barthes’ Concept of Novel in His Late Years

内容摘要：《小说的准备》是巴特晚期为创作小说《新生》而准备的讲稿。他在讲稿中积极倡导利用随记和与之密切关联的片断缝接式写作瓦解传统叙事的连续性和整体性，特别是以书籍为代表的理性中心主义和形而上学。这些激进的小说观念既源于他本人的写作经验，又是他长期思考的理论结晶。它们的提出既为当代作家创作提供了新的方法论，也为回视巴特的学术生涯及其著作提供了新的视角，但仅有形式上的革命就想达到解构传统的目的值得怀疑。

Abstract:  “The Preparation of the Novel” is a lecture prepared by Roland Barthes for his novel Vita Nova in his later period. In his lecture, he actively proposes the use of notation and something closely related to it, namely, rhapsodic writing, to deconstruct the continuity and integrity of traditional narrative, especially the rational centralism and metaphysics represented by books. These radical concepts of novel stem from both his own writing experience and his theoretical conclusion of a long-term deliberation. Even though they provide a new approach in writing for contemporary writers and a new perspective to review Barthes’ academic career and his writings, it is still doubtful whether a mere revolution in form could accomplish the purpose of deconstructing tradition.

胡怡君

标题：《苏格兰人的书》中的历史观演变

Title: The Changing Concept of History in A Scots Quair

内容摘要：苏格兰现代作家刘易斯·格拉斯克·吉本（莱斯利·米切尔）创作的小说三部曲《苏格兰人的书》体现了其历史观的演进：从认为文明是由远古辉煌到现代不断衰败的“文明传播论”史观，到试图温和改良社会的空想社会主义史观，再到于斗争中变革历史、创造历史的人民唯物史观。这样的演进过程，既同步于现代苏格兰社会生产由农业转至手工商业、再到隶属大英帝国资本主义体系的工业化的变化过程，也展示了三部曲中女主人公、其第二任牧师丈夫，及其儿子的思想和行为的演变过程。通过这样的历史观和社会认知的演变，《苏格兰人的书》为我们展现了一幅探寻现代苏格兰人该何去何从、跨越三十余年的历史画卷，可为镜鉴。

Abstract: A Scots Quair, a trilogy of novels by the modern Scottish writer Lewis Grassic Gibbon (Leslie Mitchell), represents a progressive change in his concept of history, from the Diffusionist concept that believes in civilization’s steady declining from ancient to modern times, to the concept of Utopian Socialism that calls for a mild improvement of society, and finally to the concept of Historical Materialism that regards people as the historical subjects to change and create history in constant stuggles. Such an evolutionary process coincides with the transformation of modern Scottish social production from agriculture to artisanal commerce and then to industrialization as a part of the capitalist system within the British Empire. It also reflects the transformation of thoughts and behaviors of the heroine, her second husband, who is a priest, and her son in the trilogy. Through such a change in historical concept and social cognition, A Scots Quair unfolds a historical picture of Scotland spanning more than thirty years and explores the question, “Which way should modern Scots go?” In a way, the trilogy presents a compelling reference and inspiration for the rest of the world.

美国文学研究

刘兮颖

标题：马拉默德《修配工》中的记忆书写与共同体形塑

Title: The Memory Writing and Shaping of Community in Bernard Malamud’s The Fixer

内容摘要：美国著名犹太作家伯纳德·马拉默德在其经典作《修配工》中书写了雅柯夫的个体记忆、历史记忆与不同维度的共同体之间形成的互为因果、相互表征的关系，存在着分离、解构、分裂、建构等各种关联。雅柯夫的苦难人生历经了不同的阶段：在基辅当监工时他力图通过遮蔽历史记忆获取虚假的身份认同而不得，最后导致经济利益共同体的分裂；由于犹太族裔身份的被揭露雅柯夫成为替罪羊入狱后，被唤醒宗教创伤记忆的俄国官员与神父一起缔结了政治共同体，其共同目标是为死者伸张正义；雅柯夫经历了历史记忆的复苏，重构族裔身份的认同感，而这其中伴随着犹太族群命运共同体由分裂走向了聚合。该作出色地将记忆书写与不同维度的共同体相融合，从历时和共时两个层面展现了记忆给予个体和族群的深刻影响和文化印记，历史记忆重新界定了个体身份，唤醒了族群的集体无意识，强化了民族认同感，并在一定程度上形塑了犹太族群命运共同体。

Abstract: Bernard Malamud, the famous Jewish American writer, indicates in his classic The Fixer that the relationship between Yakov’s personal memory, historical memory, and the community of different dimensions is mutually causative and representative, and that it is characterized by separation, deconstruction, division, and construction. Yakov’s miserable life has gone through different stages: while working as a supervisor in Kiev, he tries to cover up the historical memory and obtain a false identity, but his failure eventually leads to the breakup of the community with a shared economic interest; after Yakov is imprisoned as a scapegoat due to the disclosure of his Jewish ethnicity, the Russian officials, whose memory of religious trauma is awakened, and the priests form a political community with the common goal of ensuring justice for the dead; Yakov experiences the recovery of historical memory and reconstructs a sense of his ethnic identity, while the Jewish community with a shared destiny evolves from division to aggregation. The novel brilliantly integrates memory writing with communities of different dimensions and shows the profound impact and cultural imprint of memory on individuals and ethnic groups at both diachronic and synchronic levels. Historical memory redefines individual identity, awakens the collective unconsciousness of ethnic groups, strengthens the sense of national identity and, to a certain extent, shapes up the Jewish American community with a shared future.

甘文平

标题：拉比·阿拉梅丁《历史的天使》中的“复调”书写

Title: The Polyphonic Narrative in Rabih Alameddine’s The Angel of History

内容摘要：《历史的天使》是黎巴嫩裔美国作家拉比·阿拉梅丁的代表作之一，因为它的“复调”特色鲜明而在作者的所有作品占有特殊地位。它首先采用“一符多音”的对话式叙述为读者提供了小说的丰富信息内容，然后通过这些信息传递了“和声”式的思想主题，最后通过“双声”交错的写作手法实现了丰富主题的建构。以上三个方面与“复调小说”的主要特征高度契合。它们之间各自独立又相互印证，共同演绎了一个贯穿小说始终的中心主题——19世纪末期以来第一世界国家和第三世界国家在政治、社会与文化领域的对话中，前者始终处于压迫与霸权的中心地位，后者一直处于被压制与被欺辱的边缘地位。该小说是我们了解阿拉梅丁作品以及现当代阿拉伯裔美国小说的窗口，因此值得读者持续而深入研究。

Abstract: The Angel of History, one of the representative novels by the Lebanese American writer, Rabin Alameddine, holds a special status among all his novels because of its conspicuous feature of “polyphony.” First, the novel employs a kind of “polyphonic” dialogic narrative that provides readers with so much relevant information, which subsequently conveys the “harmonious” thematic implications in the novel, and eventually completes the construction of its meaningful theme through a writing strategy based on the interlaced “dual narrative.” The effects of these three steps are highly consistent with the main features of a “polyphonic novel.” Each step is independent, but together they can corroborate each other and jointly explore the central theme throughout the novel, that is, in their dialogues on politics, society, and culture since the end of the 19th century, the First-World countries have always taken a dominant position of oppression and hegemony, whereas the Third-World countries have been marginalized, all along, by suppression and humiliation. The novel is worthy of a sustaining in-depth study because it can be a window to Alameddine’s writings and contemporary Arab American fiction as well.

许梅花

标题：欧文《阿斯托里亚》中的皮毛贸易与帝国建构

Title: The Fur Trade and Empire Construction in Washington Irving’s Astoria

内容摘要：《阿斯托里亚》是美国作家华盛顿·欧文以书写阿斯托皮毛事业为主线的西部题材作品。作为与合众国一起成长的第一代作家，欧文对自己的文学使命有着非常清晰的认识，体现在该文本中，就是透过皮毛贸易这个多面镜，帮助美国完成大陆扩张、财富掠夺以及海外殖民的文学想象，从而彰显了以他为代表的美国人的帝国主义情结。欧文在文学文本中所展现的西部神话想象和帝国建构的美国精神为之后西部文学的书写提供了一种美学范式，但美国西部探险以追求土地、资源和财富为目的，却打着爱国主义和民族事业的幌子将其扩张心理和殖民意识正义化的行为，必须予以严厉批判。

Abstract: In Astoria, a book about the American west by Washington Irving, the narrative is centered around Astor’s fur trade. As a writer of the first generation growing up with the United States, Irving had a very clear understanding about his literary mission, namely, as manifested in this text, using the fur trade as a polygonal mirror to help America accomplish its literary imagination about continental expansion, wealth plundering, and overseas colonization, thus revealing the imperial complex of the Americans like him. Irving sets up an esthetic paradigm for later western writings by delineating an imagination about the western myths and an American spirit of empire construction in his literary text. However, America’s westward explorations were mostly aimed at plundering the land, resource, and wealth. Therefore, its attempt to justify its expansionist mentality and colonial consciousness on the pretext of patriotism and national cause must be firmly condemned.

张阳阳

标题：杰克·伦敦作品中的疾病地理话语

Title: The Discourse on the Geography of Disease in Jack London’s Writings

内容摘要：疾病地理学作为病理学与地理学的跨学科研究，认为疾病与地理环境之间有着天然联系。杰克·伦敦的作品不仅具有丰富的地理特征，而且其作品还涉及大量疾病意象，为疾病地理研究提供了重要文本。伦敦笔下的城市、北方与南方地理环境对应着不同的疾病意象，分别构成城市疫病、北方寒症与南方麻风病地理话语，具有重要的指涉意义。在其作品中，伦敦利用不同的疾病地理话语隐喻性地呈现出他对城市非正义现象的批判、对社会个体命运和身份的担忧以及对理想社会的构思，折射出伦敦对西方资本主义社会的批判与讽刺，饱含着他的社会进步思想。杰克·伦敦笔下的疾病地理话语不仅是其个人风格与思想的表达，也是作家对腐朽社会现实的反思。

Abstract: As an interdisciplinary study between pathology and geography, the Geography of Disease claims that there is a natural connection between disease and geographical environment. The writings of Jack London not only cover abundant geographical characteristics, but also involve plenty images of diseases, which provide important texts for the study on the geography of disease. The cities and the northern and southern geographical environment in London’s writings correspond to different images of diseases and create the discourses of urban plague and disease, northern cold syndrome, and southern leprosy respectively, which contain crucial referential significance. By employing various discourses on the geography of disease, London metaphorizes his criticism of spatial injustice in cities, his concern with individual fate and identity in society, and his imagination of the ideal society, all of which reflect his condemnation and mockery of the capitalist society in the West and fully represent his thoughts on social progress. The discourses on the geography of disease in London’s writings reveal not just his personal style and thoughts, but his ruminations about the decadent realities in society as well.

欧洲文学研究

龙瑞翠

标题：《骑马乡行记》中的旅行书写与英格兰性

Title: Travel Writing and Englishness in Rural Rides

内容摘要：英国浪漫主义晚期散文家科贝特的游记散文集《骑马乡行记》真实记录了他在1821至1826年间骑马游走于英格兰东南部的所见所闻，及其对这一时期社会文化价值转变的思考。他在文中对英格兰如画美景的怀旧书写深深触动了深陷商业革命和城市化困境中的乔治和维多利亚时代居民的神经，而他在书中所采用的独特怀旧方式也使它成为最受英国文学史关注的散文作品之一。以博伊姆的反思性怀旧理论作为关照来阐释《骑马乡行记》中怀旧乡行书写产生的原因及其内涵可发现，科贝特通过将英格兰性与地方景观联系起来，呈现他在旅行中所遇到的英格兰“新”“旧”元素，揭示英格兰性乃是一种由传统地方特性与时代新元素共同构成的动态形成机制。在此基础上，他积极构建一个兼具宁静乡村与繁荣城市元素的理想英格兰图景来实现自己文学审美政治化的目的。

Abstract: Rural Rides, a collection of travel essays by William Cobbett, an outstanding essayist during the late period of British Romanticism, truthfully documents what he saw and heard as well as what he thought about the transformation of social and cultural values of the time when he traveled by horse in Southeast England from 1821 to 1826. Cobbett’s nostalgic writing about the picturesque landscape of England profoundly touched the nerves of the Georgian and Victorian residents who were deeply trapped in the dilemma of commercial revolution and urbanization. And its unique nostalgic style has turned it into one of the most notable essay collections in the history of English literature. To this end, this article aims to interpret the causes and connotation of Cobbett’s nostalgic travel writing, in light of Boym’s reflective nostalgic theory, and find out how Cobbett represents the “new” and “old” elements of England by integrating Englishness and the local landscapes that he encountered during his travel, so as to refine his own concept of Englishness, which is a dynamic mechanism for generation constructed jointly by the traditional locality and new elements of the era. Also, the article shows how, based on such a premise, he articulates the vision of an ideal England with  both rural serenity and urban prosperity, thus fulfilling his purpose of politicizing his literary aesthetics.

谢维宁

标题：20世纪初期哈萨克斯坦小说中韵文的叙事功能与伦理效果

Title: The Narrative Function and Ethical Effect of Verse in the Early 20th-Century Kazakh Novels

内容摘要：散韵结合是20世纪初期哈萨克斯坦小说最突出的叙事特征，其中韵文的叙事功能和伦理价值主要表现有三。韵文以其明显的批判功能，明确小说的伦理劝谕和道德立场；韵文的表演功能在迎合小说隐含听众的同时，推动新道德准则的构建；韵文的抒情功能助力主人公代表女性发出了对封建道德的控诉，引发受众的极大共鸣，进一步促成小说伦理目标的达成。韵文的多重叙事功能和伦理价值，是哈萨克斯坦口头文学传统、作者的伦理目标和大众接受习惯共同作用下的结果，反映了社会转型时期哈萨克斯坦文学的整体风貌。

Abstract: Prosimetrum is the most unique narrative feature in the early 20th-century Kazakh novels. The narrative function and ethical value of verse are mainly shown in three aspects: first, the verse clearly has a critical function to clarify the ethical persuasion and moral position of the novel; second, its performance function promotes the construction of a new moral code while pandering to the implied audience of the novel; third, its lyrical function prompts the protagonist to denounce the feudal morality on behalf of women, which triggers a strong response from the audience and further contributes to the achievement of the ethical goals of the novel. The multi-layered narrative function and ethical value could only result from the joint effect of Kazakhstan’s oral literary traditions, the author’s ethical goals, and public reception norms, which reflects the overall style of the Kazakh literature during its social transformation.

批评与批评研究

曹 莉

标题：《镜与灯》：从古典主义模仿说到浪漫主义表现说的转化

Title: The Mirror and the Lamp: From the Classical Mimetic to the Romantic Expressive

内容摘要：在欧美现当代文学理论著作中，美国文学理论家和批评家、浪漫主义批评的开拓者M.H.艾布拉姆斯的成名作《镜与灯》对于现代浪漫主义批评具有奠基作用和持久性影响。艾布拉姆斯借助“镜”与“灯”这对意向性观念，从文学批评的历史纵深出发，深刻阐述了“浪漫主义文论及批评传统”古典主义诗学转向浪漫主义诗学的发展轨迹。《镜与灯》反映出的以浪漫主义诗心表达和诗人主体性的自我肯定为标志的审美现代性，在英国浪漫主义诗学的兴起和发展过程中达到了前所未有的高度。

Abstract: The Mirror and the Lamp by the American literary critic M. H. Abrams is a seminal text of Romantic poetics. It has laid a crucial foundation for contemporary Romantic criticism with a longstanding impact then and now. This paper examines the poetic turn from the Classical Mimetic to the Romantic Expressive as expatiated by the author in his penetrating examination and understanding of the Romantic inner soul. By analyzing the causes and effects of Romantic poetics, the paper points out that the aesthetic modernity signposted by a strong sense of self or subjectivity had reached an unprecedented height during the rise and development of Romanticism.

王晓燕

标题：伊斯坦布尔时期奥尔巴赫的东方观

Title: Auerbach’s View of the East in Istanbul Period

内容摘要：在流亡伊斯坦布尔时期，奥尔巴赫将自己的东方观内隐于学术研究中，主要表现为：一是重申《旧约》的宗教文化地位，强调犹太－基督教传统在西方文化中的重要性；二是有意淡化穆斯林世界影响，强化他的欧洲整体观。这种矛盾的东方观起因于奥尔巴赫流亡的现实处境，也与其对东西方文化的整体性思考有关。本文从伊斯坦布尔与奥尔巴赫流亡间的关系谈起，重点分析奥尔巴赫矛盾的东方观及其形成原因，并深入探讨奥尔巴赫在伊斯坦布尔时期对东西方文化的整体性思考，进而驳斥美国学者艾米丽·阿普特认为奥尔巴赫只关注欧洲文化而忽略了东方文化的观点。

Abstract: While in exile in Istanbul, Auerbach concealed his view of the East in his academic studies, mainly in two ways: first, he affirms the religious and cultural status of the Old Testament and emphasizes the importance of the Judeo-Christian tradition in Western culture; second, he intentionally plays down the influence of the Muslim world and strengthens his view of Europe as a whole. This contradictory view of the East originates from the real situation of Auerbach’s exile, but it also has a lot to do with his contemplation on the holistic relationship between Eastern and Western cultures. Using the relationship between Istanbul and Auerbach’s exile as a starting point, this article focuses on analyzing Auerbach’s contradictory view of the East and the determinants of its formation, further exploring his contemplation on the holistic relationship between Eastern and Western cultures during his stay in Istanbul, and thereby debunking the argument from American scholar, Emily Apter, that Auerbach only dwelled on European culture, but ignored Eastern culture.

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