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The Art of War
By Sun Tzu
Translated by Lionel Giles
The Art of War (Chinese: 孙子兵法; pinyin: Sūnzǐ Bīngfǎ) is a Chinese military treatise that was written by Sun Tzu in the 6th century BC, during the Spring and Autumn period. (Some scholars believe it was written during the later Warring States period.) Composed of 13 chapters, each of which is devoted to one aspect of warfare, it is said to be the definitive work on military strategies and tactics of its time, and still one of the basic texts.《孙子兵法》，简称《孙子》，又称《孙武兵法》和《吴孙子兵法》，是中国古代的兵书，作者为春秋末年的齐国人孙武（字长卿）。一般认为，《孙子兵法》成书于前515至前512年，全书为十三篇，是孙武初次见面赠送给吴王的见面礼。事见司马迁《史记》：“孙子武者，齐人也，以兵法见吴王阖闾。阖闾曰：子之十三篇吾尽观之矣”。The Art of War is one of the oldest and most successful books on military strategy. It has had an influence on Eastern military thinking, business tactics, and beyond. Sun Tzu suggested the importance of positioning in strategy and that position is affected both by objective conditions in the physical environment and the subjective opinions of competitive actors in that environment. He thought that strategy was not planning in the sense of working through an established list, but rather that it requires quick and appropriate responses to changing conditions. Planning works in a controlled environment, but in a changing environment, competing plans collide, creating unexpected situations.有个别观点曾认为今本《孙子》应是战国中晚期孙膑及其弟子的作品，但是银雀山出土的汉简（同时在西汉墓葬中出土《孙子兵法》、《孙膑兵法》各一部）已基本否定此说。The book was translated into the French language in 1772 by French Jesuit Jean Joseph Marie Amiot, and into English by British officer Everard Ferguson Calthrop in 1905. Leaders as diverse as Mao Zedong, General Vo Nguyen Giap, Baron Antoine-Henri Jomini, and General Douglas MacArthur have claimed to have drawn inspiration from the work. The Art of War has also been applied to business and managerial strategies. 《孙子兵法》是世界上最早的兵书之一。在中国被奉为兵家经典，后世的兵书大多受到它的影响，对中国的军事学发展影响非常深远。它也被翻译成多种语言，在世界军事史上也具有重要的地位。
VII. Maneuvering
军争第七
Sun Tzu said: In war, the general receives his commands from the sovereign.Having collected an army and concentrated his forces, he must blend and harmonize the different elements thereof before pitching his camp.After that, comes tactical maneuvering, than which there is nothing more difficult. The difficulty of tactical maneuvering consists in turning the devious into the direct, and misfortune into gain.Thus, to take a long and circuitous route, after enticing the enemy out of the way, and though starting after him, to contrive to reach the goal before him, shows knowledge of the artifice of deviation.故迂其途，而诱之以利，后人发，先人至，此知迂直之计者也。Maneuvering with an army is advantageous; with an undisciplined multitude, most dangerous.军争为利，军争为危。 If you set a fully equipped army in march in order to snatch an advantage, the chances are that you will be too late. On the other hand, to detach a flying column for the purpose involves the sacrifice of its baggage and stores.Thus, if you order your men to roll up their buff-coats, and make forced marches without halting day or night, covering double the usual distance at a stretch, doing a hundred LI in order to wrest an advantage, the leaders of all your three divisions will fall into the hands of the enemy.是故卷甲而趋，日夜不处，倍道兼行，百里而争利，则擒三将军， The stronger men will be in front, the jaded ones will fall behind, and on this plan only one-tenth of your army will reach its destination.If you march fifty LI in order to outmaneuver the enemy, you will lose the leader of your first division, and only half your force will reach the goal.If you march thirty LI with the same object, two-thirds of your army will arrive.We may take it then that an army without its baggage-train is lost; without provisions it is lost; without bases of supply it is lost.We cannot enter into alliances until we are acquainted with the designs of our neighbors. 故不知诸侯之谋者，不能豫交；We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the country--its mountains and forests, its pitfalls and precipices, its marshes and swamps.We shall be unable to turn natural advantage to account unless we make use of local guides.不用乡导者，不能得地利。In war, practice dissimulation, and you will succeed.Whether to concentrate or to divide your troops, must be decided by circumstances.Let your rapidity be that of the wind, your compactness that of the forest.In raiding and plundering be like fire, is immovability like a mountain.Let your plans be dark and impenetrable as night, and when you move, fall like a thunderbolt.When you plunder a countryside, let the spoil be divided amongst your men; when you capture new territory, cut it up into allotments for the benefit of the soldiery.Ponder and deliberate before you make a move.He will conquer who has learnt the artifice of deviation. Such is the art of maneuvering.The Book of Army Management says: On the field of battle, the spoken word does not carry far enough: hence the institution of gongs and drums. Nor can ordinary objects be seen clearly enough: hence the institution of banners and flags.《军政》曰：“言不相闻，故为之金鼓；视不相见，故为之旌旗。”Gongs and drums, banners and flags, are means whereby the ears and eyes of the host may be focused on one particular point.The host thus forming a single united body, is it impossible either for the brave to advance alone, or for the cowardly to retreat alone. This is the art of handling large masses of men.民既专一，则勇者不得独进，怯者不得独退，此用众之法也。In night-fighting, then, make much use of signal-fires and drums, and in fighting by day, of flags and banners, as a means of influencing the ears and eyes of your army.A whole army may be robbed of its spirit; a commander-in-chief may be robbed of his presence of mind.Now a soldier's spirit is keenest in the morning; by noonday it has begun to flag; and in the evening, his mind is bent only on returning to camp.A clever general, therefore, avoids an army when its spirit is keen, but attacks it when it is sluggish and inclined to return. This is the art of studying moods.Disciplined and calm, to await the appearance of disorder and hubbub amongst the enemy:--this is the art of retaining self-possession.To be near the goal while the enemy is still far from it, to wait at ease while the enemy is toiling and struggling, to be well-fed while the enemy is famished:--this is the art of husbanding one's strength.To refrain from intercepting an enemy whose banners are in perfect order, to refrain from attacking an army drawn up in calm and confident array:--this is the art of studying circumstances.It is a military axiom not to advance uphill against the enemy, nor to oppose him when he comes downhill.Do not pursue an enemy who simulates flight; do not attack soldiers whose temper is keen.Do not swallow bait offered by the enemy. Do not interfere with an army that is returning home.When you surround an army, leave an outlet free. Do not press a desperate foe too hard.Such is the art of warfare.
来源网络，仅供英语学习。
孙子兵法(The Art of War)：始计第一
孙子兵法(The Art of War)：作战第二
孙子兵法(The Art of War)：谋攻第三
孙子兵法(The Art of War)：军形第四
孙子兵法(The Art of War)：兵势第五