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The Art of War
孙子兵法
By Sun Tzu
孙武
Translated by Lionel Giles
The Art of War (Chinese: 孙子兵法; pinyin: Sūnzǐ Bīngfǎ) is a Chinese military treatise that was written by Sun Tzu in the 6th century BC, during the Spring and Autumn period. (Some scholars believe it was written during the later Warring States period.) Composed of 13 chapters, each of which is devoted to one aspect of warfare, it is said to be the definitive work on military strategies and tactics of its time, and still one of the basic texts.
《孙子兵法》，简称《孙子》，又称《孙武兵法》和《吴孙子兵法》，是中国古代的兵书，作者为春秋末年的齐国人孙武（字长卿）。一般认为，《孙子兵法》成书于前515至前512年，全书为十三篇，是孙武初次见面赠送给吴王的见面礼。事见司马迁《史记》：“孙子武者，齐人也，以兵法见吴王阖闾。阖闾曰：子之十三篇吾尽观之矣”。
The Art of War is one of the oldest and most successful books on military strategy. It has had an influence on Eastern military thinking, business tactics, and beyond. Sun Tzu suggested the importance of positioning in strategy and that position is affected both by objective conditions in the physical environment and the subjective opinions of competitive actors in that environment. He thought that strategy was not planning in the sense of working through an established list, but rather that it requires quick and appropriate responses to changing conditions. Planning works in a controlled environment, but in a changing environment, competing plans collide, creating unexpected situations.
有个别观点曾认为今本《孙子》应是战国中晚期孙膑及其弟子的作品，但是银雀山出土的汉简（同时在西汉墓葬中出土《孙子兵法》、《孙膑兵法》各一部）已基本否定此说。
The book was translated into the French language in 1772 by French Jesuit Jean Joseph Marie Amiot, and into English by British officer Everard Ferguson Calthrop in 1905. Leaders as diverse as Mao Zedong, General Vo Nguyen Giap, Baron Antoine-Henri Jomini, and General Douglas MacArthur have claimed to have drawn inspiration from the work. The Art of War has also been applied to business and managerial strategies.
《孙子兵法》是世界上最早的兵书之一。在中国被奉为兵家经典，后世的兵书大多受到它的影响，对中国的军事学发展影响非常深远。它也被翻译成多种语言，在世界军事史上也具有重要的地位。
IX. The Army on the MarchSun Tzu said: We come now to the question of encamping the army, and observing signs of the enemy. Pass quickly over mountains, and keep in the neighborhood of valleys.Camp in high places, facing the sun. Do not climb heights in order to fight. So much for mountain warfare.After crossing a river, you should get far away from it. When an invading force crosses a river in its onward march, do not advance to meet it in mid-stream. It will be best to let half the army get across, and then deliver your attack.绝水必远水，客绝水而来，勿迎之于水内，令半渡而击之利，If you are anxious to fight, you should not go to meet the invader near a river which he has to cross.Moor your craft higher up than the enemy, and facing the sun. Do not move up-stream to meet the enemy. So much for river warfare.In crossing salt-marshes, your sole concern should be to get over them quickly, without any delay.If forced to fight in a salt-marsh, you should have water and grass near you, and get your back to a clump of trees. So much for operations in salt-marches.若交军于斥泽之中，必依水草而背众树，此处斥泽之军也。In dry, level country, take up an easily accessible position with rising ground to your right and on your rear, so that the danger may be in front, and safety lie behind. So much for campaigning in flat country.These are the four useful branches of military knowledge which enabled the Yellow Emperor to vanquish four several sovereigns.All armies prefer high ground to low and sunny places to dark.If you are careful of your men, and camp on hard ground, the army will be free from disease of every kind, and this will spell victory.When you come to a hill or a bank, occupy the sunny side, with the slope on your right rear. Thus you will at once act for the benefit of your soldiers and utilize the natural advantages of the ground.When, in consequence of heavy rains up-country, a river which you wish to ford is swollen and flecked with foam, you must wait until it subsides.Country in which there are precipitous cliffs with torrents running between, deep natural hollows, confined places, tangled thickets, quagmires and crevasses, should be left with all possible speed and not approached.凡地有绝涧、天井、天牢、天罗、天陷、天隙，必亟去之，勿近也。While we keep away from such places, we should get the enemy to approach them; while we face them, we should let the enemy have them on his rear.If in the neighborhood of your camp there should be any hilly country, ponds surrounded by aquatic grass, hollow basins filled with reeds, or woods with thick undergrowth, they must be carefully routed out and searched; for these are places where men in ambush or insidious spies are likely to be lurking.军旁有险阻、潢井、蒹葭、小林、□①荟者，必谨覆索之，此伏奸之所处也。When the enemy is close at hand and remains quiet, he is relying on the natural strength of his position.When he keeps aloof and tries to provoke a battle, he is anxious for the other side to advance. 远而挑战者，欲人之进也；If his place of encampment is easy of access, he is tendering a bait.Movement amongst the trees of a forest shows that the enemy is advancing. The appearance of a number of screens in the midst of thick grass means that the enemy wants to make us suspicious.The rising of birds in their flight is the sign of an ambuscade. Startled beasts indicate that a sudden attack is coming.When there is dust rising in a high column, it is the sign of chariots advancing; when the dust is low, but spread over a wide area, it betokens the approach of infantry. When it branches out in different directions, it shows that parties have been sent to collect firewood. A few clouds of dust moving to and fro signify that the army is encamping.尘高而锐者，车来也；卑而广者，徒来也；散而条达者，樵采也；少而往来者，营军也；Humble words and increased preparations are signs that the enemy is about to advance. Violent language and driving forward as if to the attack are signs that he will retreat.When the light chariots come out first and take up a position on the wings, it is a sign that the enemy is forming for battle.Peace proposals unaccompanied by a sworn covenant indicate a plot.When there is much running about and the soldiers fall into rank, it means that the critical moment has come.When some are seen advancing and some retreating, it is a lure.When the soldiers stand leaning on their spears, they are faint from want of food.If those who are sent to draw water begin by drinking themselves, the army is suffering from thirst.If the enemy sees an advantage to be gained and makes no effort to secure it, the soldiers are exhausted.If birds gather on any spot, it is unoccupied. Clamor by night betokens nervousness.If there is disturbance in the camp, the general's authority is weak. If the banners and flags are shifted about, sedition is afoot. If the officers are angry, it means that the men are weary.When an army feeds its horses with grain and kills its cattle for food, and when the men do not hang their cooking-pots over the camp-fires, showing that they will not return to their tents, you may know that they are determined to fight to the death.The sight of men whispering together in small knots or speaking in subdued tones points to disaffection amongst the rank and file.Too frequent rewards signify that the enemy is at the end of his resources; too many punishments betray a condition of dire distress.To begin by bluster, but afterwards to take fright at the enemy's numbers, shows a supreme lack of intelligence.When envoys are sent with compliments in their mouths, it is a sign that the enemy wishes for a truce.If the enemy's troops march up angrily and remain facing ours for a long time without either joining battle or taking themselves off again, the situation is one that demands great vigilance and circumspection.If our troops are no more in number than the enemy, that is amply sufficient; it only means that no direct attack can be made. What we can do is simply to concentrate all our available strength, keep a close watch on the enemy, and obtain reinforcements.He who exercises no forethought but makes light of his opponents is sure to be captured by them.If soldiers are punished before they have grown attached to you, they will not prove submissive; and, unless submissive, then will be practically useless. If, when the soldiers have become attached to you, punishments are not enforced, they will still be unless.卒未亲而罚之，则不服，不服则难用。卒已亲附而罚不行，则不可用。Therefore soldiers must be treated in the first instance with humanity, but kept under control by means of iron discipline. This is a certain road to victory.If in training soldiers commands are habitually enforced, the army will be well-disciplined; if not, its discipline will be bad.令素行以教其民，则民服；令素不行以教其民，则民不服。If a general shows confidence in his men but always insists on his orders being obeyed, the gain will be mutual.【注：】①：“翳”加“艹”头。②：［垂瓦］。③：［讠翕］。 来源网络，仅供英语学习。